1. Learning Targets Homework • Identify the three main kingdoms of Ancient Egypt. • Describe the major events that occurred in each kingdom. • Define pharaoh and intermediate period. • Wordy Wed. Quiz Fri. • Egyptian webquest due Fri.

2. Problem of the Day English word below is made of the first two letters of one country and the last two letters of a country that it borders. For example, PACA is a combination of Panama and Costa Rica. How many crossings can you make? • PONY • BOIL • SWAY • ECRU • CHAR

3. Problem of the Day • Poland/Germany • Bolivia/Brazil • Sweden/Norway • Ecuador/Peru • China/Myanmar

4. The Egyptian Empire The Three Kingdoms

5. Egyptian Dynasties • A dynasty is a series of rulers (pharaohs) from the same family or ethnic group • The Ancient Egyptian empire had 31 dynasties between 3100BC until 332BC • The dynasties were grouped into three major time periods: • The Old Kingdom • The Middle Kingdom • The New Kingdom

7. Egypt’s First Dynasty • Menes or Narmer united Upper and Lower Egypt

8. King Narmer

9. The Early Dynastic Period ( 2925 – 2575 BC) • 1st , 2nd, and 3rddynasties • First dynasty Menes united Egypt • Others believe it was Narmer • Still others believe Narmer and Menes were the same person • Memphis chosen as first capital by King Narmer • King Narmer first king to unite Lower and Upper Egypt • Memphis disappeared; Heliopolis replaced it(close to Cairo)

10. The Old Kingdom: 2686-2125 BC • The 3rd to the 8th Dynasties • Governmental capital located at Memphis • Advancements in technology, art, farming and architecture • “The Age of the Pyramid” • During the Old Kingdom, the Egyptians built the Great Pyramids, 20 major pyramids, and the Sphinx • The only era where Pharaohs were buried in pyramids.

11. The First Intermediate Period2055-1650 BC • 9th – 11th Dynasties • End of the Old Kingdom, pharaohs challenged by local governors called nomarchs • Egypt had 42 nomoi (nome =district or province) • Result: civil wars throughout the empire and the kingdom split into two dynastic kingdoms: Herakleopolian and Theban dynasties • Drought causes the Nile to stop flooding, which results in famine

12. Nomoi of Upper Egypt

13. Nomoi of Lower Egypt

14. The Middle Kingdom2055 – 1650 BC • 11th – 13th Dynasties • One of the feuding dynasties from Thebes in the south was able to unify Egypt again into one kingdom: • Mentuhotep II, marked the beginning of a new era of unity and prosperity

15. Mentuhotep II

16. MentuhotepII’s Burial Complex

17. Mentuhotep II’s Burial Complex

18. Mentuhotep II’s Burial Complex

19. The Middle Kingdom2055 – 1650 BC • Trade flourished, arts and literature flourished. • Egypt built strong armies to defend herself against her neighbors. • Religion- afterlife for common people too

20. The Middle Kingdom2055-1650 BC • Theban nobles reunited Egypt • Developed a new system of government • Less power given to king • During the middle kingdom, pharaohs were expected to be good kings and wise rulers.  • Instead of building huge expensive pyramids, when pharaohs died, they were buried in hidden tombs

21. The Second Intermediate Period1630 – 1520BC • 14th – 17th Dynasties • Hyksos, nomads from Asia, invaded disunited Egypt, set fire to the cities, razed the temples, squandered the accumulated wealth, destroyed much of the accumulated art. • Rule over the north for 160 years. • Rule of the “Shepherd Kings” • Thebans rule the south.

22. Hyksos Entering Egypt

23. Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period

25. New Kingdom1540-1097 BC • 18th – 20th Dynasties • Ahmose united and restored Egypt under one central government • Ramses II (“the Great”) • Ruled 67 years and expanded empire into Middle East • Brief reign of Tutankhamun • Ramses III lost several wars in Syria against the “Sea People”, which started demise of empire • Increasingly beset by droughts, below-normal flooding of the Nile, famine, civil unrest and official corruption

26. Ramses II

27. King Tut

28. Ramses III

29. New Kingdom1540-1097 BC • The new kingdom was Egypt's expansion period. • Egypt expanded her borders through military conquest and became a world power.  • During the time period of the new kingdom, pharaohs were all powerful (gods of earth) • Pharaohs were all buried in the same geographic area called the Valley of the Kings.

30. The Valley of the Kings • Contains 63 known tombs • Some simple pits • Others with up to 120 chambers • King Tut’s Tomb

35. Third Intermediate Period1075-715 BC • 21st -25th dynasties • Disunity and civil war occurs • Egypt loses control of Israel and Syria • Libyans invade and control northern Egypt • Nubians completely separate from Egypt

36. The Late Period715-332 BC • 26th – 31st Dynasties • Egypt conquered briefly by Assyrians • Cultural revival under kings from Sais • Persian conquest of Egypt (525 BC) • Egypt independent again (404-343 BC) Sais

37. The Greco- Roman Period332BC-392AD • Macedonia, under Alexander the Great, occupies Egypt • Alexander's general, Ptolemy, becomes king and founds a dynasty • Cleopatra VII reigns as the last pharaoh (51-30 BC) • Egypt becomes a province of the Roman Empire (30 BC)

38. Ptolemaic Egypt

40. The Pharaoh • Meaning: “Great House” • Pharaoh emerged as a living god who ensured the annual flooding of the Nile that was necessary for crop production • Shared resources with the people in return for taxes and obedience.

41. Pharaoh's Regalia Be honest: Too much eye liner??? • Scepters & Crook • The Uraeus • The Bull’s Tail Does this beard make me look fat?

42. Pharaoh’s Regalia • Hedjet (symbol of upper Egypt) • Deshret (symbol of lower Egypt) • Pschent (symbolized the king’s rule of both Upper and Lower Egypt)

43. Egyptian Webquest… • You will now work individually to do some research on ancient Egyptian culture and religion. • You have the duration of this period and tomorrow’s period to complete you research. • Also, the answers require you to READ and interpret…they are not directly spelled out for you!!!

44. To access the assignment… • Visit the S drive. • Click on the HEP folder and 7th grade. • Open the “Egyptian Webquest” document. • SAVE the document to either your name drive or a flash drive. • You may then begin working!

45. Mastabas- comes from the Arabic word for a bench of mud

46. Mastabas were comprised of a deep underground burial area, and a chapel area within the structure itself where offerings could be made to the deceased.

47. The Pyramid of Djoser at Saqqar

48. Pharaoh Sneferu’sMeidum Pyramid

49. Pharaoh Sneferu’s Bent Pyramid

50. Pharaoh Sneferu’s Red Pyramid