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Enhancing Regional Tourism in Southern Africa: Transfrontier Conservation and Industry Diversification

This document explores the evolution of regional tourism in Southern Africa, focusing on Transfrontier Conservation Areas (TFCAs). It discusses strategies for consolidation and industry diversification to boost tourism development, enhance visitor mobility, and improve market structures. Key aspects include the role of communal tourism, government initiatives, and the integration of multi-destination itineraries. The analysis highlights the challenges faced by emerging tourism markets and the need for collaboration among stakeholders to create sustainable tourism ecosystems.

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Enhancing Regional Tourism in Southern Africa: Transfrontier Conservation and Industry Diversification

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  1. Regional Tourism in Southern Africa Transfrontier Conservation Areas Consolidation & Industry Diversification

  2. Structure Part I Regional Tourism Part II Trans Frontier Conservation Areas Non RSA perspective

  3. Wouter Schalken Industry background Communal tourism Government Enterprises (Protected) area tourism planning Projects HR

  4. 1.Regionalisation of Tourism • Multi-destination itineraries • Tourism industry in generating markets sources regional products to reduce costs. • Increasing levels of multi-country ownership of tour operators and site-specific enterprises. • Transfrontier conservation areas function as (proposed) tourism hubs. • Regional conservation programmes prescribe tourism development objectives (compare RETOSA). • Increased regional mobility of residents.

  5. Regional Tourism • Visitor Movement • Market Structure • Industry Characteristics • Enabling Environment

  6. Visitor Movement • Visitors from the region • Surplus/Shortfall • Seasonal

  7. Market Structure Embryonic Markets • low/extremely low visitor numbers • non-existent or poorly resourced tourism support structures • lack of, or even a negative, destination image • post conflict states (DRC and Angola) • local districts, provinces, municipal areas and regions

  8. Market Structure. Adolescent (growth) markets • growth in tourism arrival numbers • growth in number of enterprises and capacities. • small tourism countries: Mauritius, Seychelles • dependent destinations: Swaziland, Lesotho • new destinations: Madagascar, Malawi, Tanzania, Zambia

  9. Market Structure.. Mature destinations • long track record of positive tourism development in arrival numbers • diversified product portfolio • diversified source markets • effective support structures South Africa, Namibia and Botswana

  10. Market Structure... Restart Zimbabwe holds a unique position in the region as it used to be a well-established, flourishing tourism destination.

  11. Industry Characteristics • Equal Players • Up-scaling from a position of strength (market) • Regional resource access for national benefits • Employment • Financial movements • Multi-destination travel controlled for 87% by RSA

  12. Enabling Environment • MoU <> Agreements • Regulations (employment) • Capacities • Mandate & Control • Reflection of market situation (visa)

  13. Regionalising Tourism • Growth Potential (finite attractions) • Stakeholder control (tourism) • Capacities Controlled • Equal players (markets) • Access • Benefit • Build on Strength <> Hiding Weakness • Compete with national policy/strategy

  14. Control • Psychological Level – perceived experience • Augmented Level – added value • Formal Level – destination facilities • Physical Level – resource base (USP) • Core Level – educate, relax, status

  15. 2. TFCA

  16. TFCA • High Profile • Multi-donor • RSA involvement • T for Tourism is missing • Level of control

  17. TFCA <> Tourism Market Inequity in TFCA Linkages • Mature <> Embryonic • Mature <> Dependent

  18. TFCA > Upscaling Challenges • Local benefits • Industry Control • Limited diversity/ PA • Different Levels of Development • Industry value determines the resource value

  19. TFCA > Upscaling Challenges. • High-end = My end/Low end = Your end • CBT initiatives to compensate for lack of local demand • Limits of wildlife tourism to create local tourism demand • Limiting national appeal (crafts)

  20. Tourism Value of TFCA • Clearly defined area • Stakeholders • International • Conservation & Tourism • Control > elements of regional tourism

  21. Solution FY=xk+1 x ∑(xk + y / (xk)n-1) / 2

  22. Way Forward Use TFCA as controlled tourism development initiative? [1] Market adaptation [2] Market selection [3] Industry diversification [4] Regulatory environment strengthening [5] Mandate clarification

  23. Fanta or Coke?

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