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Turbo TAKS

Turbo TAKS. Week 2 Lesson 1- Cells Lesson 2- Taxonomy Lesson 3- DNA Lesson 4- Protein Synthesis. Lesson 1: Cells. 2 Types of Cells. Prokaryotes- “pro”= no; “kary”- nucleus DOES NOT CONTAIN A NUCLEUS OR MEMBRANE BOUND ORGANELLES Example: Bacteria. Eukaryotes- “eu”= true; “kary”- nucleus

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Turbo TAKS

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  1. Turbo TAKS Week 2 Lesson 1- Cells Lesson 2- Taxonomy Lesson 3- DNA Lesson 4- Protein Synthesis

  2. Lesson 1: Cells

  3. 2 Types of Cells Prokaryotes- “pro”= no; “kary”- nucleus • DOES NOT CONTAIN A NUCLEUS OR MEMBRANE BOUND ORGANELLES • Example: Bacteria • Eukaryotes- “eu”= true; “kary”- nucleus • - CONTAINS A NUCLEUS • - CONTAINS MEMBRANE-BOUND ORGANELLES • - Examples: Plant and Animal

  4. MAJOR ORGANELLES

  5. Cell Processes • Permeability • Diffusion vs. Osmosis • Cell Reproduction • Mitosis vs. Meiosis • Photosynthesis • Carbon dioxide + water + sun  glucose + oxygen • Cell Respiration • Glucose + Oxygen  Carbon dioxide + water + ATP • Storage and Transport

  6. Lesson 2: Taxonomy

  7. Classification The largest and least specific category is a Kingdom Organisms are then placed into more specific groups in a particular order Animals are called by there genus and species name Ex] Panthera pardus or Homo sapiens

  8. Classification Animals most closely related will be in the same levels of classification Test tip: Most closely related organisms will have the same genus!!! Which 2 are most closely related? How do you know?

  9. Kingdoms of Life • 2 Prokaryotic Kingdoms: • Archaebacteria • Lives in harsh conditions (without oxygen, extreme temperatures, in different chemical environments) • Eubacteria • Bacteria found on and around us • Remember: makes you sick!

  10. Fungi Decomposers/ heterotrophic Mushrooms Protista Is mush pot kingdom (has characteristics of other 3 eukaryotic kingdoms) Live in water Amoebas, paramecium, euglenas Has pseudopodia, cilia and/or flagella for movement Plantae Multicellular Autotrophic True roots, stems, and leaves Animalia Multicellular Motile (able to move) Kingdoms 4 Eukaryotic Kingdoms:

  11. Lesson 3: DNA

  12. Phosphate group Deoxy-ribose Nitrogen Base P P P P D D T T A D D D D D D C C G G G P P P P Nucleotide A D P P D C Deoxyribonucleic Acid structure Nucleotides- the building blocks of DNA There are four kinds of nitrogen bases, so there are four kinds of nucleotides... Adenine,Cytosine, Guanine, and Thymine

  13. P P D T A D D D C G P P Cytosine pairs with Guanine... Adenine pairs with Thymine. Because of its chemical properties, DNA is shaped like a Double Helix (twisted ladder)

  14. NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE The order of the nucleotides forms the unique genetic code for the organism. The more closely related two organisms are, the more alike the order of their nucleotides will be.

  15. DNA replication • DNA makes a copy of its self Mutation • A change in the sequence of nucleotides • Can happen in any cell, but only can be passed on to offspring if occurs in gamete cells

  16. Lesson 4: Protein Synthesis

  17. DNA Replication Copying a DNA molecule is called REPLICATION (A = T; C = G) This is needed for mitosis and meiosis

  18. Transcription DNA codes for proteins. The Order of the nucleotides is the code for which protein will be made. Making a copy of RNA from DNA is TRANSCRIPTION (A = U; C=G) Occurs in the nucleus

  19. Translation The message on the RNA is read by ribosomes that translate that message into a protein Occurs in the cytoplasm on ribosomes

  20. Genetic Code • Based on mRNA sequence • Every three letters (codons) is an amino acid • Ex] CCC codes for Proline

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