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Work and Machines

Section 3: Simple Machines. Work and Machines. Learning Goals. Describe the six types of simple machines. Explain how the different types of simple machines make work easier. Calculate mechanical advantage. Lever.

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Work and Machines

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  1. Section 3: Simple Machines Work and Machines

  2. Learning Goals • Describe the six types of simple machines. • Explain how the different types of simple machines make work easier. • Calculate mechanical advantage.

  3. Lever • A lever is a rigid bar that rotates around a fixed point called the fulcrum. • The bar may be either independent or attached to another object.

  4. Lever • In use, a lever has both an effort force and a resistance force.

  5. Lever • Examples: • See-saw • Screwdriver • Wheel barrow • Baseball Bat

  6. Pulley • A pulley consists of a wheel that turns freely in a frame called a block.

  7. Pulley • A pulley can be used to change the direction of a force or to increase input force depending on how the pulley is arranged.

  8. Fixed Pulley • Fixed Pulley: changes the direction of a force; however it does not create a mechanical advantage. • Example: Elevator

  9. Moveable Pulley • A single mechanical pulley creates a mechanical advantage; however it does not change the direction of a force.

  10. Moveable Pulley • The mechanical advantage of a moveable pulley is equal to the ropes that support the moveable pulley.

  11. Wheel and Axle • The wheel and axle is a simple machine consisting of a larger wheel rigidly secured to a smaller wheel or shaft, called an axle.

  12. Wheel and Axle • When either the wheel or axle turns, the other rotates with it.One full revolution of either part causes one full revolution of the other part.

  13. Wheel and Axle • Examples: • Pencil sharpener • Door knob • Faucet handles

  14. Inclined Plane • An inclined plane is a sloping surface that reduces the amount of force required to do work. • The inclined plane makes it easier to move a weight from a low height to a high height.

  15. Inclined Plane • The mechanical advantage of an inclined plane is equal to the length of a slope divided by the height of the slope.

  16. Wedge • The wedge is an inclined plane that moves through objects. • It has one or two sloping sides.

  17. Wedge • Wedges change the direction of the force. • Examples: • Knife/ax • Door stopper

  18. Screw • The screw is also an inclined plane wrapped in a spiral around a post. • The threads form a tiny ramp that run upward from its end.

  19. Screw • Example: • Many types of lids

  20. Compound Machines • Two or more simple machines operating together.

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