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Food Security in Iceland vs. Alaska: A Comparative Analysis

This report by Julie Emslie, M.A., explores the intricacies of food security in Iceland and Alaska. It examines the three pillars of food security—availability, access, and utilization—and highlights how Iceland has managed to produce about 50% of its food, primarily meat, fish, dairy, and vegetables, while Alaska relies heavily on imports, with 98% of food coming from outside. Factors such as government support, agricultural practices, and historical events contribute to these differences. The importance of sustainable and integrated local food systems is emphasized for future resilience.

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Food Security in Iceland vs. Alaska: A Comparative Analysis

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  1. Food Security: Iceland vs. Alaska Julie Emslie M.A., Rural Development Project Manger, FEDC

  2. What is Food Security? • Iceland vs. Alaska • Mechanisms Leading to Iceland’s Level of Food Security

  3. What is Food Security? • 3 Pillars • Availability–sufficient quantities of food available on a consistent basis • Access–having sufficient resources to obtain appropriate foods for a nutritious diet • Utilization–appropriate use based on knowledge of basic nutrition and care, as well as adequate water and sanitation STABILITY • Shifting from Conventional (imported) to Integrated (local) Food Systems

  4. Food Production and Agriculture in Iceland vs. Alaska • Icelanders produce roughly half of the food they consume. • 100% of meat, fish, dairy, eggs, and 50% of vegetables • Dependent on imports of grain, sugar, fruit, and vegetables • Alaska currently imports 98% of its food. • Despite the large amount of gardening, hunting, fishing, and foraging • Annually, 85% of red meat from hoofed animals imported from outside • Iceland: 3200 farms, roughly 6% of the population • Alaska: 700 farms, roughly .1% of the population

  5. Importance of Food Security in Iceland • Government Support • Subsidies • 34%- milk • 44%-sheep • small subsidy- tomatoes, cucumber, and paprika • Import duties • pork, poultry, eggs, flowers, potatoes, and some greenhouse and crop products • Farmer’s Association of Iceland • agricultural advisory service, animal breeding and preservation of national breeds, crop production and rotation, research and innovation, and forestry and soil conservation projects • “Part of our character” • Isolation • Historical Events • Recent Events • Economic Crisis • Volcanic Eruptions

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