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Topic: Temperature & Percent Error & Density again Do Now: Look at test objectives

This guide explores essential concepts of temperature, including its definition as a measure of average kinetic energy. We examine absolute zero on the Kelvin scale and review the world's coldest recorded temperatures. Additionally, we cover temperature conversions between scales and introduce the concept of percent error, highlighting its significance in comparing experimental data. Through practical examples with students' measurements and the conversion to scientific notation, we facilitate a comprehensive understanding of these important scientific principles.

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Topic: Temperature & Percent Error & Density again Do Now: Look at test objectives

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  1. Topic: Temperature & Percent Error & Density again Do Now: Look at test objectives

  2. Temperature Scientifically speaking … The definition of temperature: Temperature is measure of average kinetic energy of particles in system

  3. Absolute Zero • Zero on the Kelvin scale: point at which all matter is said to stop moving

  4. World’s Record Cold Temperatures Date ˚F ˚C World (Antarctica) Vostok II 7/21/1983 –129 –89 Verkhoyansk, Russia (Siberia) 2/7/1892 –94 –70 Asia Oimekon, Russia 2/6/1933 –90 –68 Greenland Northice 1/9/1954 –87 –66 N.A. Snag, Yukon, Canada 2/3/1947 –81 –63 U.S. Prospect Creek, Alaska 1/23/1971 –80 –62 U.S. (other than AK) Rogers Pass, Mont. 1/20/1954 –70 –56.5

  5. Conversion formulas How can we convert from one temperature scale to another? K = °C + 273 (more precisely 273.15) °C = K – 273 [F = (9/5 °C) + 32]

  6. accepted value use absolute value – answer always positive Percent Error measured value – accepted value x100%

  7. Student A (g/cm3) Student B (g/cm3) Student C (g/cm3) Trial 1 1.54 1.40 1.70 Trial 2 1.60 1.68 1.69 Trial 3 1.57 1.45 1.71 Data table Students were asked to find the density of sucrose [Sucrose has a density of 1.59 g/cm3]

  8. Advantage of % Error • Makes it easier to compare data, especially if comparing data from different trials

  9. Density Review M D V

  10. Looking at this graph again, what is the density of pyrite? HINT: SLOPEWhat is this graph missing?

  11. Scientific Notation • The number is written as the product of two other numbers: • A number between 1 and 10 (not 10) • and • A power of 10

  12. Converting conventional to scientific notation For numbers  1, the exponent will be positive. Count how many places the decimal is moved. 329  3.29 X 102

  13. Converting conventional to scientific notation For numbers between 0 and 1, the exponent will be negative. Count how many places the decimal is moved. 0.00045  4.5 X 10-4

  14. Converting scientific to conventional notation If the exponent is positive, the number  1, so move the decimal point right. 3.784 X 105  378400

  15. Converting scientific to conventional notation If the exponent is negative, the number is between 0 and 1 so move the decimal point to the left.  2.75 X 10-3 0.00275

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