AP Psychology Test Review

1. AP Psychology Test Review Human Development

2. 25 Which of the following is NOT a reflexive or sensory capacity that would be present in a newborn? • Choosing between different colors • Clinging to a caregiver • Responding to stimulation • Discriminating between good and bad odors • Distinguishing between tastes with different amounts of sweetness

3. 25 In the Looney Toons cartoon, when the little chick follows Fog Horn Leg Horn around and believes that he is the chick’s mother, ____ could be said to have taken place. • Assimilation • Permutation • Imprinting • Attachment • Centration

4. 25 The notion that development occurs in well-defined stages: • Assumes a learning perspective • Is supported by interactionist theory • Is consistent with the process of cumulative action • Assumes that behavior is mainly determined by nature • Endorses the discontinuity view

5. 25 What is the response pattern of securely attached children in the Strange Situation when their mothers return? • They tend to ignore their mothers because they are secure about her care • Sometimes they run over to their mothers and sometimes the do not; there’s no consistent pattern in their responses • They tend to go to their mothers for comfort • They tend to run over to their mothers and beg them not to leave again. • They hit their mothers

6. 25 Piaget used this term to refer to the mental structures that guide thoughts: • Operations • Phonemes • Strategies • Schemas • Imprints

7. Participant Scores

8. 25 When baby Stephanie starts crying, her mother or father hurries to see if she needs anything, and they comfort her when she is upset. According to Erikson, Stephanie is likely to develop: • Competence • Trust • Inferiority • Mistrust • Autonomy

9. 25 With aging there is a decline of __________ intelligence, but not of __________ intelligence. • Fluid; fixed • Fixed; fluid • Fluid; crystallized • Crystallized; fluid • Cerebral; Static

10. 25 Lee Vygotsky discussed this concept which describes how children quietly and discreetly take in information from their environment. • Centration • Zone of Proximal Development • Internalization • Animism • Collectivism

11. :25 According to Erikson, Initiative and independence are fostered by • Restricting a child’s play and creativity • Identity vs. role confusion • Encouragement from parents when a child plans to do something on their own • Mastering • Fitting in socially

12. 25 Harlow’s experiment with the rhesus monkeys and surrogate mothers emphasized the importance of: • Contact Comfort • Feeding • Aesthetic Needs • Incentive Theory • Gender Schema

13. Participant Scores

14. 25 A critical period is a stage in development when: • Specific stimuli have a major effect on development that they do not produce at other times • Children are resistant to any kind of discipline by their parents • New learning is prevented by older learning • Bonding between the child and parent first takes place • The child first enters elementary school and needs positive reinforcement

15. :25 In regard to the nature vs. nurture controversy, most researchers: • Feel that nature is clearly more important • Feel that nurture is clearly more important • Are more interested in the interaction of nature and nurture • Believe that changes are gradual over time • Accept that development occurs in stages

16. :25 Joey knows that his dog at home has four legs, a tail, and fur. While watching a horse race, he notices that the horses also have four legs, a tail, and fur, so he shouts out, “Doggies!” Joey is demonstrating: • Centration • Assimilation • Conservation • Irreversibility • Object Permanence

17. :25 Jamal’s parents often allow him to make decisions, such as when to set his curfew and what types of chores he will do around the house. They are warm and communicative with Jamal but give him the freedom to make his own decisions. It seems as if his parents are using the following parenting style: • Authoritative • Permissive • Uninvolved • Rejecting-neglecting • Authoritarian

18. :25 Substances from the environment, including viruses, drugs, and other chemicals that can damage the developing organism during the prenatal period are called: • Temperaments • Interactions • Teratogens • Assimilations • Accommodations

19. Participant Scores

20. 25 Research on parenting styles has shown this parenting style to be the most effective: • Authoritative • Permissive • Neglecting • Authoritarian • Accepting

21. 25 If Heinz decides to choose to steal the drug in Kohlberg’s “Heinz Dilemma”, which main stage of moral development is he exercising? • Obedience and punishment • Individualism and exchange • Universal principles • Maintaining social order • Interpersonal relationships

22. 25 Which of the following is Erikson’s last stage which he believes everyone must face? • Integrity vs. despair • Initiative vs. guilt • Trust vs. mistrust • Generativity vs. stagnation • Autonomy vs. shame and doubt

23. 25 Which of the following is not a reflex a newborn would exhibit? • Rooting • Babinski • Moro (Heisman) • Grasping • Rocking

24. 25 Developmental psychologist would use this type of research study to gather large amounts of information over large amounts of time: • Cross-sectional • Quasi-experimental • Cohort-sequential • Longitudinal • Retrospective

25. Participant Scores