Human Body Systems

1. Human Body Systems

2. Human Body SystemsTHEDR. I.I.L. MCSNEER WAY • Digestive • Respiratory • Integumentary • Immune • Lymphatic • Muscular • Circulatory • Skeletal • Nervous • Endocrine • Excretory • Reproductive And Levels of Organization

3. http://www.parentingpress.com/pics/sock_cvr.jpg Believe it or not, you are organized! The main levels of organization are… Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organ Systems, and You (the Organism).

4. Can you identify & label the 3 levels of organization shown here? Well, at least your body is!

5. Levels of OrganizationThe Human Body has several “layers” of organization beginning with the simplest and becoming more complex. Answers to previous slide: cell, tissue, organ (small intestine). http://www.bmb.psu.edu/courses/bisci004a/chem/levels.jpg

6. Here They Are: Your Body Systems (Part 1). http://www.agen.ufl.edu/~chyn/age2062/lect/lect_19/147a.gif

7. And Your Body Systems (Part 2) http://www.agen.ufl.edu/~chyn/age2062/lect/lect_19/lect_19.htm

8. So Let’s Begin!

9. DR. I.I.L. MCSNEER Presents…Your Digestive System

10. Your digestive system is like a complicated chemical processing plant, and performs many functions.

11. What major tasks does your digestive system help you accomplish?

12. Your Digestive System… …breaks down food into molecules the body can absorb. …passes these molecules into the blood to be carried throughout the body. …works to eliminate solid wastes from the body.

13. The Parts of Your Digestive System How well do you know them?

14. Label the parts of your digestive system on your handout; then correct them using the following slide.

15. Parts of Your Digestive System

16. Now for the Digestive Journey

17. The Digestive Journey Digestion begins in your mouth with action of your teeth and tongue (mechanical digestion) and your salivary glands (chemical digestion). The salivaryglands produce enzymes that are mixed with the food, breaking down the starches. Peristalsis is the muscular action that moves the food through the esophagus and into yourstomach after you swallow.

18. Your Stomach The food moves into your stomach, which contains chemicals that break down biomolecules like proteins and lipids. Your stomach releases these materials into the upper small intestine (duodenum), where digestion is completed. Your stomach also has a thick coating of mucus to protect it form the acids and to keep it from digesting itself!

19. By the way, your stomach really does look like a muscular bag!

20. Your Liver, Pancreas, and Gall Bladder Located in the upper portion of your abdomen, your liver is the largest organ of your body. It is like a busy chemical factory that plays many roles such as breaking down toxins and producing bile--a substance that helps break down fat. The bile is stored in the gall bladder. The pancreas lies between the stomach and the duodenum and produces enzymes that flow into the small intestines, helping to break up complex starches, proteins, and fats.

21. Your Small & Large Intestines After the solid food has been digested it passes into the small intestines. In the small intestines all the nutrients are absorbed leaving undigestible wastes. These wastes pass into the large intestines, where water is removed. Then the wastes are stored in the rectum until they are released by the anus asfeces.

22. Cross Section of Your Intestines The Villi add surface area to increase absorption of food and nutrients. On the left you see how the villi line your small intestines, and on the right you see 1 villi with its capillaries.

23. DR. I.I.L. MCSNEER Presents…Your Respiratory System

24. The Functions of Your Respiratory System Your respiratory system moves oxygen from the outside environment into your body. It also removes carbon dioxide and water from your body (this image shows all the tiny bronchioles that carry air into your alveoli for gas exchange).

25. The Path of Air Please label the parts of your respiratory system on your handout. Can you describe the path that air takes as it enters and leaves your body?

26. Check Your Answers Here.

27. How You Breathe 1: The Diaphragm

28. How You Breathe 2: The Alveoli

29. The Respiratory and Circulatory Systems: Working Together. Working together the respiratory and circulatory systems form the cardio-pulmonary system, which is an integral connection between the heart and lungs.

30. The Cardio-Pulmonary System

31. Respiratory Disease: Pneumonia Pneumonia is an inflammation or infection of the lungs most commonly caused by a bacteria or virus. Pneumonia can also be caused by inhaling vomit or other foreign substances. Web Sources and Resources www.medimagery.com/Respiration/ lungs.html

32. Respiratory Disease: Lung Cancer The cancerous lung (right) shows how much damage smoking can do over time to your respiratory system.

33. X-Rays can help detect cancer, and surgery and radiation are some treatments for the disease. Web Sources and Resources www.smm.org/heart/lessons/ lesson11.htm

34. Please Take Care of Your Lungs and Don’t Smoke Web Sources and Resources: Usborne Science Encyclopedia pgs. and Quicklink Images

35. DR. I.I.L. MCSNEER Presents…Your Integumentary System (It’s Your Skin!)

36. Your skin …. • Covers your body • Prevents water loss • Protects the body from injury and infection • eliminates wastes

37. Your skin …. • gathers information about the environment • produces vitamin D • Helps regulate bodytemperature The skin is organized into two main layers, the epidermis and the dermis.

38. Can You Name the Parts of Your Skin?

39. Skin Anatomy

40. DR. I.I.L. MCSNEER Presents…Your Immune System

41. Your Immune System Your Immune system protects you from foreign invaders. Special cells react to each kind of pathogen with a defense targeted specifically at that pathogen. http://www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/1996/illpres/introduction.html

42. Your Immune System Has Many Specialized Cells! White blood cells that target specific pathogens are called lymphocytes. There are two major kinds of lymphocytes—T cells and B cells. T cells identify pathogens. B cells produce chemicals called antibodies.

43. How Your Immune System Works Our immune system protects us against threats. These include viruses, bacteria and parasites causing infectious diseases, from ordinary flu to full-blown malaria. The white blood cells of the defense system are produced in the marrow of our bones. The cells are carried in the blood to specialized organs, where they develop and communicate to launch immune responses against infections. • http://www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/1996/illpres/introduction.html

44. DR. I.I.L. MCSNEER Presents…Your Lymphatic System

45. The Functions of Your Lymphatic System Your lymphatic system and the cardiovascular system are closely related systems that are joined by a capillary system. The lymphatic system is important to the body's defense mechanisms. It filters out organisms that cause disease, produces certain white blood cells and makes antibodies. It is also important for the distribution of fluids and nutrients in the body, because it drains excess fluids and protein so that tissues do not swell up.

46. DR. I.I.L. MCSNEER Presents…Your Muscular System

47. Types of Muscles Your body has three types of muscle tissue—skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle.

48. Skeletal Muscle Skeletal muscles are attached to the bones of your skeleton. A tendon is a strong connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone. Note: ligaments connect bones together.

49. Smooth Muscle Smooth muscles are called involuntary muscles because they work automatically.

50. Cardiac Muscle Cardiac muscles are involuntary muscles found only in the heart. Cardiac muscles do not get tired. A Cardiac Muscle Cell