Rome

1. Rome

2. The Roman Republic

3. Built on a nearly perfect location for trade and resources. • Settled by a group called the Latins who interacted closely with Greece (culture influence) Origins of Rome

5. Form of government where power rests with the citizens to vote for their leaders (representatives) • Free born males were citizens Republic

6. Patricians: Wealthy landowners who held most the power. Plebeians: Common farmers, merchants, and artisans who were the population majority. Patricians and Plebeians

7. Tribunes: Representatives of the Plebeians and protected their rights. • Consuls: Two elected officials. Like kings they controlled the army and directed the government. • Only served 1 year • One consul could overrule the other. Tribunes and Consuls

8. Aristocratic branch of government. 300 members all chosen from the upper class. Influenced both foreign and domestic policy. Senate

10. A leader with absolute power to pass laws and control the military in a time of crises. Appointed by the Senate and Consuls. Dictator

11. Roman soldiers were organized into legions of about 5,000 highly trained and disciplined infantrymen. All male citizens were required to serve 10 years in the legions. Legions

12. Punic Wars: Series of wars fought between Carthage and Rome. Rome was victorious giving it complete control of the Mediterranean Sea. Hannibal: Famous general from Carthage that almost defeated Rome. Revolutionary in military tactics. Punic Wars and Hannibal

15. The Roman Empire

17. Collapse: Widening gap between rich and poor resulted in peasant/slave revolts. Civil War: The assassination of 2 popular tribunes resulted in Civil War. Collapse and Civil War

18. Elected Consul and went on to become a popular general by conquering Gaul. Using his popularity and support of the army, Caesar seized power from the Senate along with two other popular politicians and generals (triumvirate). Julius Caesar

21. 1. Gave Citizenship to more people outside of Rome. 2. Expanded the Senate (added people loyal to him) 3. Started new construction projects (created jobs) All of these made him popular with the Plebeians Caesar’s Reforms

23. Grandnephew of Caesar who became his adopted son. Claimed power after Caesar was assassinated. After another Civil War with rivals, Augustus became the unchallenged emperor. Augustus

26. Means Roman Peace The Roman Empire experienced relative peace from the time of Augustus until about 180 AD Pax Romana

27. Rome had more slaves than any other civilization ever. Economy relied on the work of slaves to function. Slave revolts were common. Slavery

28. Roman religion came directly from Greek religion. (Changed the names to sound more Roman) There were Gods/Goddesses for all purposes and professions. Romans persecuted all other religions Religion

29. Wealth was everything when determining status in Rome. Society was based on feudalism during the empire with a few rich and the majority poor. Society

30. Christianity and Rome

31. Born around 6 to 4 BC in Judea (Roman Province) Began his public ministry as the proclaimed messiah at age 30 until his crucifixion at age 33. Viewed as a direct challenge to Jewish and Roman authorities. Jesus

32. Disciples of Jesus and selected by him to assist in his ministry. They are the reason Jesus’ teaching continued to spread throughout the Roman Empire after Jesus’ death. Apostles

33. Never met Jesus and was at first an enemy of Christianity. After a vision of Jesus, Paul devoted his life to spreading Christianity and the word of Jesus Christ. Paul

34. Dispersal of the Jews after the Romans severely cracked down on their open rebellion. Diaspora

35. Roman Emperor who converted Rome to Christianity. Personally converted after having a vision before a battle where he saw a cross in front of the sun and was instructed, “under this you will be victorious” Constantine

36. A priest who oversaw several local Churches. In Roman times, these men were treated as outlaws by the Romans until the time of Constantine. Bishop

37. Apostle who became the first bishop of Rome (Pope). Martyred and crucified upside down by the Emperor Nero. Peter

38. The father and head of the Church that traces his roots back to Peter. Came to symbolize Rome after the Empire fell. Pope

39. The Fall of Rome

40. A drop in the value of money paired with a rise in prices. Happens when the government over spends or natural resources become scarce. Inflation

41. Paid soldiers for hire who the Romans came to rely on as they began to not have enough soldiers to defend their massive empire (very expensive to have). Mercenaries

42. Roman Emperor who briefly restored Roman power. Divided the empire into two halves in order to more easily manage. Diocletian

44. Capitol of the Eastern Roman Empire that was founded by Constantine. Continued the traditions and practices of Rome for over a thousand years after the fall of the West. Constantinople

45. Western Half of the Roman Empire finally fell due to three primary reasons: • 1. Barbarian Invasions • 2. Economic Crisis • 3. Government Corruption and Collapse Western Collapse

47. King of a nomadic group called the Huns. Devastated the Western Roman empire to the point where it could no longer stop barbarian invasions. Attila

49. Mixture of Greek, Hellenistic, and Roman Cultures Became the foundation of European/Western Culture Greco-Roman Culture

50. Roman writer who created epics like Homer did in Greece. Wrote a lot about the founding and myth/legend behind Rome. Vergil