1 / 20

A Brazilian Perspective on Bioenergy Issues

A Brazilian Perspective on Bioenergy Issues . Prof. Donato Aranda Federal Univ. Rio de Janeiro. “Future of Forest Bioenergy” Stockholm, 2007. Ethanol Program in Brazil. 1925: First experiments with ethanol/gasoline blends 1975: Ethanol program started after the 1st oil crisis

saki
Télécharger la présentation

A Brazilian Perspective on Bioenergy Issues

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. A Brazilian Perspective on Bioenergy Issues Prof. Donato Aranda Federal Univ. Rio de Janeiro “Future of Forest Bioenergy” Stockholm, 2007

  2. Ethanol Program in Brazil • 1925: First experiments with ethanol/gasoline blends • 1975: Ethanol program started after the 1st oil crisis • 1989: Leaded Gasoline forbiden. • 1993: E-20 to E-25 mandatory in all the country (33,000 gas stations) • 2003: Flex Fuel engines • 2006: 80% of new vehicles are Flex (2.5 million/year) • 615 million ton of CO2 avoided emissions, so far

  3. Sugar Cane Output/Input Energy ~ 8.2* Ethanol production in 2006: 16 billion liters *Goldenberg, J.L.C Renewable Energies, Island Press, 1993

  4. Ethanol Plants 313 Ethanol Plants 1 million employees 60,000 agric. producers 5 million ha (0.6 % of Br. area) 89 New plants are being contructed

  5. Physical Productivity Source: Brazilian Agricultural Ministry

  6. Sugar Cane Energy • 1 mton of Sugar Cane: • 1.7 103 kcal ~ 1.2 barrel of petroleum • Sugar cane bagasse is producing ~ 2,500 MW • Breakthrough: ethanol from bagasse and other residual biomass

  7. Ethanol/Biodiesel Integration Barralcool (Mato Grosso State) Produces: 100,000 mt/year of Ethanol 50,000 mt/year of Biodiesel

  8. Biodiesel Program • B2 mandatory at Jan/2008 (850,000 ton/year) • B5 mandatory at Jan/2010 (2013, originaly) Now: • 10 biodiesel plants working (500,000 ton/year) • 2,000 gas stations providing B2 • Some transportation companies using B30 • Projects: More than 100 new biodiesel plants LOW FEDERAL TAXES FOR SOCIAL PROJECTS AND POOR REGIONS

  9. Palm Babassu Castor Sunflower Soybean, Tallow, Cotton Jatropha Peanut Canola

  10. Soybean Biodiesel (Output/input energy ~ 3)* * NREL (USA) http://www.nrel.gov/docs/legosti/fy98/24089.pdf

  11. Jatropha curcas Biodiesel Output/Input Energy ~ 5- 6* *Ref: Ouedraogo, 1991

  12. Palm Oil Biodiesel

  13. Output/Input Energy ~ 8* *Ref: Lor, E.E.S. et al, World Bioenergy http://www.svebio.se/attachments/33/295.pdf

  14. 1st Biodiesel Plant – Heterogeneous Catalyst/Residual Feedstock (Crude Palm Fatty Acids) Patent:D. A. G. Aranda et al; PI0301103-8, 2003. D. A. G. Aranda et al, WO2004096962, 2004.

  15. Operating Costs in a Conventional Transesterification Biodiesel Plant In a 100,000 t/year, it means US$ 5.3 Million/year !! Chemicals: US$ 4.5 Million/year Highly Acid Feedstocks: Loss in Refining

  16. Operating Costs: Hydroesterification vs Transesterification (50,000 mton/year) If biodiesel plant is integrated with an ethanol plant, operating costs will be less than 2 ¢/L. No acidity limits in the feedstocks

  17. CONCLUSIONS • Brazil is open to share experiences in biofuels and offers good opportunity for international colaborations and investments in this field. • Both ethanol and biodiesel production will significantly increase in the next years. There’s agricultural land to support this increasing. • Integration between ethanol and biodiesel plants is strongly competitive. • Biodiesel process is being adapted to tropical feedstcoks (larger acidity) with higher yields and lower operating costs.

  18. Tack Själv ! www.greentec-ufrj.com “ Vi vet att Gud på alla sätt hjälper dem som älskar honom att nå det goda. Det är hans syfte med våra liv.” (Rm 8,28)

  19. Biodiesel plant 100,000 t/year, oil costs: US$ 250/t and Biodiesel sold at US$ 0.60/L (No incentive scenario) b) Hydroesterification Gross Margin: 30.8% c) Hydroesterification integrated with Ethanol plant a) Regular Transesterification Gross Margin: 33.3 % Gross Margin: 24.1 %

More Related