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Basic Telecommunications

Vocabulary, concepts, more “bullet proofing” Touch on just a few basic points essentials of technology and where it’s going essentials of regulation and where it’s going Raise for discussion certain management issues. Basic Telecommunications. Transmission facilities Twisted pair

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Basic Telecommunications

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  1. Vocabulary, concepts, more “bullet proofing” Touch on just a few basic points essentials of technology and where it’s going essentials of regulation and where it’s going Raise for discussion certain management issues Basic Telecommunications

  2. Transmission facilities Twisted pair Coaxial cable Microwave Satellite Fiber optics Wireless Signaling Analog--continuous Digital--discrete Basic Telecom Terms and Concepts, 1

  3. Analog signaling AM, FM, etc. Limitations Error correction Encryption Digital signaling Computer friendly Facilitates Error correction Encryption Fits with fiber optic transmission facilities “The way the world is going” Modems “Modulator--demodulator” A to D and D to A Because the voice network is analog At the handset Basic Telecom Terms and Concepts, 2

  4. Switching The cloud The cloud is expensive Switching makes better use of the cloud Kinds of switching Circuit switching Message switching Packet switching And the Internet And ATM Broadcasting Cellular Basic Telecom Terms and Concepts, 3

  5. Voice networks RBOCs Other local telcos Long distance carriers Cable companies? Data networks LAN WAN etc. Often (usually) use voice network transmission facilities Cable TV networks Microsoft and $1 billion/yr R&D on the set top box Basic Telecom Terms and Concepts, 4

  6. Long distance carriers AT&T, MCI, Sprint, etc. “Common carriers” VANs And the Internet The Internet and ISPs Private networks Where Do Networks Come From?

  7. Voice network regulation (U.S.A.) 1934-1981 1982-present RBOCs etc.--local loop provider regulated, but less so under the Telcom Act of 1996 Long distance: largely unregulated Data communications? Basically, anything goes But whose transmission facilities are used? Largely: from the voice networks Voice networks Interconnected world-wide Standards Legal requirements Data networks? Cable? Recent (de)regulatory actions Telecom Standards and Regulation

  8. The world’s first network for making data calls NB telex History and culture ARPA net, nuclear attack NSF net and the open community Governance Design policies Simple protocols (e.g., TCP/IP) Public and open Continuing rapid growth Electronic commerce Consumer-oriented Business-to-business User base growing beyond “young male nerds” Cost of use? The Internet

  9. What it is Possible solutions Upgrades of existing plant Cable Fiber optics Wireless The competitive scene TODAY Cable companies (and Microsoft) DSL and the telcos (and Microsoft) Other telcos Why is the computer industry mucking in the last mile problem? Prognostications? The Last Mile Problem

  10. Important concept: layered architectures for telecommunications OSI reference model, 7 layers Also important for software in general Abstraction as a way of handling complexity Importance of standardization de jure de facto Internet? Development of standards to date Telephony Data communications And the Internet For electronic commerce? Incomplete Managerial/decision issues? The Protocols Problem(s)

  11. Outsourcing of network provision and management Options Management issues Imagine you are about to receive a sales call… Commitment to standards Which ones? Who to believe, trust, or bet on? Assuming AAA networks (the Internet on steroids), Productivity opportunities? (and what will it take to realize them) Industrial-organizational consequences? Further Issues for Discussion

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  13. Telex A world-wide telecommunications system Up and running for > 100 years Digital signaling Telephone A world-wide telecommunications system Up and running for > 50 years Isn’t this enough? What’s missing? Computer Mediated Communication (CMC): 1

  14. Telephones are everywhere. From an arbitrary telephone you can call nearly any other telephone. Computers are .... all over. From an arbitrary computer, why can’t you make a data call to nearly any other computer? Data communications is inherently easier (in many ways) than voice communication. So why can’t you make those data calls? CMC: 2

  15. Increasingly, you can make those data calls And there’s a lot of great stuff out there now Call on special networks NSF Net Compuserve Prodigy etc. And THE INTERNET... An internet: a network of networks The Internet: The Mother of All Internets The world we are coming to “Anything, anytime, anywhere...” CMC: 3

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