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Understanding Acid Nomenclature: A Guide to Naming Inorganic Acids

This guide outlines the rules for naming traditional inorganic acids, including binary and ternary acids. For binary acids, which consist of hydrogen and a non-metal, use the prefix "hydro-", the root name of the non-metal, the suffix "-ic", and "acid". Examples include hydrochloric acid (HCl) and hydroselenic acid (H2Se). For ternary acids, identify the polyatomic ion and alter the suffix accordingly; "-ate" becomes "-ic" and "-ite" becomes "-ous". This guide also includes practice problems for both naming and writing formulas for various acids.

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Understanding Acid Nomenclature: A Guide to Naming Inorganic Acids

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  1. Acid Nomenclature

  2. Acid Nomenclature • Traditional inorganic acids contain hydrogen combined with a negative ion. To name these compounds, apply the following rules: A. Binary Acids – an acid that contains TWO elements – a hydrogen and a non-metal ion

  3. Naming Binary Acids • 1. Use the prefix hydro- • 2. Use the root of the full name of the nonmetallic element • 3. Add the suffix –ic and the word acid

  4. Naming Binary Acids • Examples: HCL hydrochloric acid H2Se hydroselenic acid Hydro + root of non-metal + -ic and “ACID”

  5. Practice Problems • Name the following acids. • HBr • H2Se • HCl • HI • HF

  6. Practice Problems • Write formulas for the following acids: • Hydrofluoric acid • Hydrosulfuric acid • Hydrophosphoric acid • Hydrobromic acid • Hydroiodic acid

  7. Naming Ternary Acids • Ternary Acids – “oxyacids” – acids that contain hydrogen and a polyatomic ion that has oxygen 1. Determine the name of the polyatomic ion (radical). 2. Change the radical’s ending i. -ate changes to –ic ii. -ite changes to -ous

  8. Naming Ternary Acids 1. Determine the name of the polyatomic ion (radical). 2. Change the radical’s ending i. -ate changes to –ic ii. -ite changes to –ous • Keep any prefixes like hypo- and per- • Add the word acid Radical name -ic (if ion ends in -ate) and ACID Or Radical name -ous (if ion ends in -ite) and ACID

  9. Examples HClO4 HClO2 HClO3 HClO

  10. Writing Formulas for Oxyacids Hydrogen is always listed FIRST. Look at the name of the acid and find the radical. Remember that the -ic ending came from the -ate ion and the -ous ending came from the -ite ion. Write the formula so the total charge is equal to zero.

  11. Examples Sulfuric Acid Sulfurous Acid Nitric Acid

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