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Acid Nomenclature

This guide explains the nomenclature of acids, focusing on the rules for naming binary and ternary acids. It covers how to identify acids based on their chemical formulas, such as those starting with "H", and gives examples like hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄). You'll learn the differences between binary acids with the "hydro-" prefix and ternary acids where the suffix changes based on the anion's name. Practice problems are provided to test your understanding of acid names and formulas.

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Acid Nomenclature

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  1. Acid Nomenclature

  2. Recognizing an Acid • Formula starts with “H” • HCl • HNO3 • H2SO4 • HClO3 • H3BO3 Exception: acetic acid CH3COOH Alternative method : HC2H3O2

  3. Naming Acids In order to explain acid naming, the sequence of HCl, HClO, HClO2, HClO3 & HClO4 will be discussed in order.

  4. HCl is a binary acid. All binary acids are named the same way. • The prefix “hydro” is used • The root of the anion is used • The suffix “ic” is used • The work “acid” is used as the second word in the name Hydrochloric acid

  5. HClO • Acid involving a polyatomic ion • Must be recognized as a polyatomic ion in the formula • If you don’t recognize it, you are sunk

  6. HClO • The polyatomic ion is ClO¯ and its name is hypochlorite. Any time you see the "ite" suffix, you change it to "ous" and add the word acid. • The name of HClO is hypochlorous acid.

  7. HClO2 Has the ClO2¯ polyatomic ion in it. The name of this ion is chlorite. • Since the "ite" suffix is used, it gets changed to "ous." • The name of HClO2 is chlorous acid.

  8. HClO3 • Has the ClO3¯ polyatomic ion and its name is chlorate. Any time you know the "ate" ending is used on the polyatomic, you use "ic" when you write the corresponding acid formula. • The name of HClO3 is chloric acid.

  9. HClO4 Contains the ClO4¯ polyatomic ion and its name is perchlorate. • Since the "ate" suffix is used, it gets changed to "ic." • The name of HClO4 is perchloric acid.

  10. Keys to Success • recognize when a polyatomic is present and • know its name • Only then can you know to change the "ite" suffix to "ous" and the "ate" suffix to "ic" when it is an acid.

  11. Acid Nomenclature Anion Acid Ending Name Binary - ide hydro –(stem) – ic acid - ate (stem)- ic acid Ternary - ite (stem) – ous acid An easy way to remember which goes with which..”In the cafeteria, you ATE something Icky”

  12. Practice Problems • Name the following acids: • 1) H3PO4 • 2) H2CO3 • 3) H2SO4 • 4) HIO3 • 5) HF • 6) HNO2

  13. Write the formula for these acids: • 7) hydrobromic acid • 8) hydrocyanic acid [this has a twist in it] • 9) nitric acid • 10) sulfurous acid • 11) phosphorous acid • 12) acetic acid

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