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Figure 9.1 U-tube manometer. Figure 9.2 Well-type manometer. Figure 9.3 Inclined manometer. Figure 9.4 Mercury barometer. Figure 9.5 Bourdon gage. Figure 9.6 Dead-weight tester. Figure 9.7 Strain-gage pressure transducer. Figure 9.8 LVDT pressure transducer.
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Figure 9.12 Pirani thermal-conductivity vacuum gage: (a) sensing chamber; (b) bridge circuit.
Figure 9.13 Ionization vacuum-gage circuit. (Based on Van Atta, 1965.)
Table 9.2 (continued) Millivolt Output of Common Thermocouples (Reference Junction at 0°C)
Table 9.2 (continued) Millivolt Output of Common Thermocouples (Reference Junction at 0°C)
Figure 9.18 Four series thermocouples forming a thermopile.
Figure 9.19 Thermocouple connections with data-acquisition systems.
Figure 9.20 Resistance temperature detectors: (a) platinum wire; (b) thin film.
Figure 9.21 Wheatstone bridge circuits for RTD: (a) two-wire; (b) three-wire.
Figure 9.26 Bimetallic strip devices. [(b) and (c) Based on Doebelin, 1990.]
Figure 9.29 (a) Disappearing-filament optical pyrometer; (b) appearance to observer.
Figure 9.34 Conduction error source in gas temperature measurement.
Figure 9.36 Reducing radiation error using a radiation shield.
Figure 9.39 Refraction and reflection of light rays at a dielectric interface defined by refractive indices n1 and n2 (n1 > n2 )
Figure 9.42 Two types of fiber-optic sensors: (a) extrinsic; (b) intrinsic.
Figure 9.43 Reflective fiber-optic response curve for displacement measurement. (After Krohn, 2000.)