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Figure 9.1 U-tube manometer.

Figure 9.1 U-tube manometer. Figure 9.2 Well-type manometer. Figure 9.3 Inclined manometer. Figure 9.4 Mercury barometer. Figure 9.5 Bourdon gage. Figure 9.6 Dead-weight tester. Figure 9.7 Strain-gage pressure transducer. Figure 9.8 LVDT pressure transducer.

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Figure 9.1 U-tube manometer.

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  1. Figure 9.1 U-tube manometer.

  2. Figure 9.2 Well-type manometer.

  3. Figure 9.3 Inclined manometer.

  4. Figure 9.4 Mercury barometer.

  5. Figure 9.5 Bourdon gage.

  6. Figure 9.6 Dead-weight tester.

  7. Figure 9.7 Strain-gage pressure transducer.

  8. Figure 9.8 LVDT pressure transducer.

  9. Figure 9.9 Capacitive pressure transducer.

  10. Figure 9.10 Piezoelectric pressure transducer.

  11. Figure 9.11 McLeod vacuum gage. (Based on Van Atta, 1965.)

  12. Figure 9.12 Pirani thermal-conductivity vacuum gage: (a) sensing chamber; (b) bridge circuit.

  13. Figure 9.13 Ionization vacuum-gage circuit. (Based on Van Atta, 1965.)

  14. Figure 9.14 Thermocouple.

  15. Figure 9.15 Thermocouple with reference junction.

  16. Figure 9.16 Output of some common thermocouples.

  17. Table 9.2 (continued) Millivolt Output of Common Thermocouples (Reference Junction at 0°C)

  18. Table 9.2 (continued) Millivolt Output of Common Thermocouples (Reference Junction at 0°C)

  19. Figure 9.17 Common sheathed thermocouple probe.

  20. Figure 9.18 Four series thermocouples forming a thermopile.

  21. Figure 9.19 Thermocouple connections with data-acquisition systems.

  22. Figure E9.6a,b

  23. Figure 9.20 Resistance temperature detectors: (a) platinum wire; (b) thin film.

  24. Figure 9.21 Wheatstone bridge circuits for RTD: (a) two-wire; (b) three-wire.

  25. Figure 9.22 Four-wire RTD circuits.

  26. Figure 9.23 Thermistor circuit.

  27. Figure 9.24 Linearization circuit for thermistor.

  28. Figure 9.25 Liquid-in-glass thermometer.

  29. Figure 9.26 Bimetallic strip devices. [(b) and (c) Based on Doebelin, 1990.]

  30. Figure 9.27 Pressure thermometer.

  31. Figure 9.28 Blackbody monochromatic emissive power.

  32. Figure 9.29 (a) Disappearing-filament optical pyrometer; (b) appearance to observer.

  33. Figure 9.30 Schematic of a radiation thermometer.

  34. Figure 9.31 Field of view for radiation thermometer.

  35. Figure 9.32 Surface-temperature measurement.

  36. Figure 9.33 Long circular fin.

  37. Figure 9.34 Conduction error source in gas temperature measurement.

  38. Figure E9.8

  39. Figure 9.35 Radiation error source.

  40. Figure 9.36 Reducing radiation error using a radiation shield.

  41. Figure 9.37 Sling psychrometer.

  42. Figure 9.38 Psychrometric chart.

  43. Figure 9.39 Refraction and reflection of light rays at a dielectric interface defined by refractive indices n1 and n2 (n1 > n2 )

  44. Figure 9.40 Typical optical fiber.

  45. Figure 9.41 Ray transmission through an optical fiber.

  46. Figure 9.42 Two types of fiber-optic sensors: (a) extrinsic; (b) intrinsic.

  47. Figure 9.43 Reflective fiber-optic response curve for displacement measurement. (After Krohn, 2000.)

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