Advancements in IP-Based Security and Surveillance Technologies

2. Allen Chan Product Manager Sony Electronics Inc. “Security/Surveillance over IP”

3. Security/Surveillance over IP • Topics • CCTV • Trends in security/surveillance • Analog video & IP video • IP video surveillance • Camera technologies

4. Security/Surveillance over IP CCTV System Core Components Image Acquisition Processing & Control Display Archiving

5. Security/Surveillance over IP • Core Components that Makeup an IP Video Solution • Camera • Server w/ Application Software Plus Some Storage • Display • Additional Storage

6. Security/Surveillance over IP • Compression standards • JPEG Still image compression • MJPEG Motion JPEG, sequence of still images • JPEG 2000 More efficient than JPEG • MPEG2 Used to high quality video, DVD • MPEG4 More efficient than MPEG2, • H.264 After H.263 used for video conferencing, great for even lower bit rates

7. Security/Surveillance over IP • Most prevalent compression scheme today • JPEG/MJPEG • MPEG4 • Future – possibly more efficient H.264

8. Security/Surveillance over IP

9. Security/Surveillance over IP • Trends Traditional Analog CCTV 1970’s Traditional Analog CCTV Systems Transitioning Into IP Video Solution Multiplexer Analog VTR Analog camera Current CCTV (Backend Digital) 1990’s Network DVR 100% Digital IP Network IP network camera Network Video Recorder

10. Security/Surveillance over IP • CCTV System diagram using DVRs LAN Analog cameras FL. 2 Analog cameras DVRs FL. 1 Control Room

11. Security/Surveillance over IP • Analog System limitations • Video ‘Portability’ – dictated primarily by homerun cable • Resolution – limited by analog video resolutions • ‘One Way’ Communication – camera to processing • Scalability on the Archiving – typically limited by DVR inputs of 16 • Recording Rates - typically time division multiplexed, limited to global refresh • Analytics – usually on the recording/processing side

12. Security/Surveillance over IP • Analog Advantages • Cost? • Composite video is a standard, but.. • Real time • Installer familiarity

13. Security/Surveillance over IP • Advantages of IP Video Solutions Intelligence Reliability Mobility Scalability

14. Security/Surveillance over IP Intelligence Intelligence can be distributed Information flow Intelligence is here Analog CCTV Surveillance over IP

15. Security/Surveillance over IP • Intelligence • Intelligent motion detection • Virtual border • Avoid false triggers • Object counting • People counting • Production line • Intelligent object detection • Unattended object detection

16. Security/Surveillance over IP Scalability IP Network Cameras N E T W O R K Control Room Client 1 Client 2 NAS + AIT Library Network Video Recorder For Backup and Long Term Archiving

17. Security/Surveillance over IP • Reliability - Integrity • IP Video System allows redundant storage • IP Video Cameras can have onboard storage, and when system comes back up, moves the data • Reliability – • Ensure data is from a source • Example: PKI from camera to server or NVR • Encrypt video data from IP camera • Example: SSL Reliability

18. Security/Surveillance over IP • Mobility • Easy to deploy • IP infrastructure is ubiquitous • IP related gear cost effective and widely available • Mobile application Mobility

19. Security/Surveillance over IP • Mobility • Easy to deploy examples • Remote parking, rapid response, utilize wireless • Metropolitan wide, utilize mesh wireless

20. Security/Surveillance over IP • Core ‘components’ sharing Image Acquisition Processing & Control Display + Storage + intelligence Archiving 3rd party Analytics Remote Redundant

21. Security/Surveillance over IP • Advantages of using IP video cameras • Not limited to analog video resolutions • i.e. Megapixel imaging devices • Metadata – ie. analytics onboard camera • Leverage IP infrastructure • Wireless – leverage wireless infrastructure • Digital output direct to storage, compared to analog transmission, digitize and store • Bi-directional audio • communicate to and from end points

22. Security/Surveillance over IP • Migration from analog to digital solution • Video servers – or encoders • Takes analog input, converts to MJPEG or MPEG4 • May have built-in protocols to control analog PTZ cameras • Single input, four channel or more Shown is a 4 channel video server with analog loop through inputs

23. Security/Surveillance over IP • What is an IP network video camera? • What is the difference between ‘webcam’ and IP network video camera • Webcams • used for personal communication • USB interface • Requires computer to operate • Network video cameras • designed for professional use • Built-in ethernet inteface • Built-in client/server functions like web, ftp etc • 24 x 7 operation

24. Security/Surveillance over IP • Camera Technologies • Imaging Devices • Camera lens mount • Color balance • Sensitivity

25. Security/Surveillance over IP • Imaging Devices • Interline Transfer CCD • Frame integration, field integration • Progressive Scan • CMOS

26. Security/Surveillance over IP

27. Security/Surveillance over IP • Camera types • Pan/Tilt/Zoom Cameras • Used in parking lots, large lobbies, warehouses, traffic monitoring • Mini-Dome Cameras • Can be normal type or vandal resistant type • used in schools, offices, retail stores, bus, etc • ‘box’ type cameras • General purpose • etc.

28. Security/Surveillance over IP • Built-in lens • Built-in zoom, or vari-focal, or mono-focal • Lens mount standards in security • C-mount • CS-mount • Types • Manual Iris • Auto Iris • Video type • DC type

29. Security/Surveillance over IP • Lenses • Most lenses are coated for visible light range • Day/Night cameras – use IR compensated to avoid defocus issues

30. Security/Surveillance over IP • Color temperature K Light from hazy sky 10000 Light from bright over cast sky 7000 Daylight, Electronic Strobe, Light ( Outdoor ) 5600 TV Camera Standard Color Temperature ( Indoor ) 3200 100 W Tungsten lamp 2860 2000 Sodium lamp

31. Levels Balanced Security/Surveillance over IP • What is white balance? Levels Unbalanced

32. Security/Surveillance over IP • White balance After Before

33. Slow <<< >>> Fast Security/Surveillance over IP • Electronic Shutter Exposure Intensity Time Shutter Exposure time

34. Security/Surveillance over IP • Electronic Shutter • Conversely, if shutter speed is ‘slowed’, the more light is accumulated on the sensor. • Slow shutter produces clearer images in low lit areas, BUT • Motion in the scene would be a ‘blur’

35. Security/Surveillance over IP • Shuttering implementations in cameras • CCD Iris or variable speed shuttering • Allows use of inexpensive manual iris lenses • Use in areas where light variation is not extreme • High speed shutter • Allows clear capture of high speed objects

36. Security/Surveillance over IP • Minimum Illumination – Amount of scene illumination level to reproduce an image. • Note that there is NO standard. • Specification could indicate level based on 50% video, • Or, it could be 30% video • Furthermore, it could be 30% video AND slow shutter to ¼ second

37. Security/Surveillance over IP • Power conventions in CCTV • Common power is AC 24V • Allows longer cable runs compared to DC 12V • Operating temperature • Install cameras in enclosures with heater/blower

38. Security/Surveillance over IP • Market • Transit - mobile • Education • Transportation • Corporate or industrial • Airports, container yards, etc

39. Security/Surveillance over IP Thank you