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Energy Transformations in Cells: Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Explained

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This article delves into the intricate energy transformations in plant and animal cells through photosynthesis and cellular respiration. It explores how chloroplasts in plant cells convert light energy into chemical energy, while mitochondria in animal cells facilitate the transformation of chemical energy to fuel cellular activities. Additionally, we discuss the cell cycle, including interphase, mitosis, and meiosis, highlighting key stages such as prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Understanding these processes is vital for grasping the foundations of biology.

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Energy Transformations in Cells: Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Explained

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Energy Transformations

  2. Adenosine Triphosphate • Adenine • Ribose • 3 Phosphates

  3. Plant cell—photosynthesis

  4. Chloroplast

  5. photosynthesis

  6. Energy transformation for photosynthesis • Light energy to chemical energy

  7. Animal cell—respiration (all cells too)

  8. Mitochondria

  9. Cellular respiration

  10. Energy Transformation for Cellular Respiration • Chemical energy to chemical energy

  11. Respiration and PhotosynthesisakaOxygen/Carbon Dioxide Cycle

  12. Cell Reproduction Cell Cycle Mitosis & Meiosis

  13. Cell cycle • Interphase • G1 • S • G2 • Mitosis • Prophase • Metaphase • Anaphase • Telophase • Cytokinesis

  14. Interphase • Period of growth, normal cell functioning

  15. Mitosis • Makes two cells that are genetically identical • Makes body/somatic cells • Are diploid

  16. Prophase • Chromatin coils up into visible chromosomes • Nuclear membrane disappears • Spindle fibers appear. • Metaphase • Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell. • Anaphase • Spindle fibers pull the chromosomes apart , attached at the centromeres. • Telophase • Chromosomes uncoil back in to chromatin • Spindle disappears • Nuclear membranes re-appear around each set of chromosomes.

  17. Meiosis • Results in 4 cells that are genetically different from each other • Makes sperm & eggs • Are haploid

  18. Prophase I • Chromatin coils up into visible chromosomes • Nuclear membrane disappears • Spindle fibers appear. • Chromosomes pair up in 2 homologous pairs called tetrads • Crossing over occurs.

  19. Metaphase I • Tetrads line up in the middle of the cell. • Anaphase I • Tetrads are separated from each other into homologous pairs • Telophase I • Two nuclear membranes formed • Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II • Same processes repeat in both cells. This time, the homologues are split into separate chromosomes. • Telophase II • Chromosomes uncoil back in to chromatin • Spindle disappears • Nuclear membranes re-appear around each set of chromosomes. • Four new cells are formed!

  20. Meiosis ii

  21. Mitosis vs meiosis

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