Location Thailand ASEAN

1. Country Background of Thailand Flag Government Monarchy under the constitution (1). , and. Democracy with a parliament (2). King His Majesty King BhumibolAdulyadej the Great Pr York microscopy. ChancellorYingluckShinawatra. King Location Thailand ASEAN Coat of Arms

2. Thailand profile • - Southeast Asia Region • - GDP per capita USD 4,608 • - Population of 64 million • - Population growth rate 0.5% • - Infant mortality rate: 11.8/1,000 live birth • Life expectancy • -Male 69.6 • -Female 76.9

3. (1997) Economic crisis and political reform with People Constitution (2010) National Refrom Committee PHC/HFA (1980) Quality of Life Concept based on Basic Minimum Needs • IHPP • under MOU of • MoPH & HSRI (2001) Thai Health Promotion Foundation Act - Sin Tax (2007) National Health Act A Journey towards Health Systems Reform in Thailand (1992) Health System Research Institute Act (2002) National Health Security Act • Constitution • replacing an interim • constitution by an • army-led coup (1990) Economic led Growth Policy causes social inequity, Deteriorated natural resources (2000) Health System Reform Office

4. Regional Agencies อปท. Web of the Health Systems Mechanism Parliament Cabinet NESDB NESAC • Propose health policies and strategies NHC/NHCO THF • Management of the Health Promotion Fund Ministry of Public Health and other ministries relevant to health • National Health • Statute • Health Assembly HSRI NHSO • Creation • of knowledge • Management of the National • Health Security Fund HA Professionaland AcademicNetwork • Health related operation Network of members and communities Local Administrative Organizations Press and media networks Other Networks สช. ปรับปรุง พ.ย. 50

5. National Health Commission Office Mr. Techid Chawbangpom Expert of social networking National Health Commission, Thailand

6. Essence of the National Health Act • New Definition of Health • Health is Well-Being • New Governance Body • beyond Public Health Ministry: • National Health Commission • New Tools for Policy Process: • Health Statute, • Health Assembly, HIA,

7. Cabinet NHC National Health Commission • Chair : PM • Vice : MoPH Minister • Tools • Health Statute (HS) • Health Impact • Assessment (HIA) • Health Assembly (HA) • Health Station, • TV and Radio on line EB NHCO Etc NESDB MoPH MoPH MoPH Other Ministry

8. Wellbeing Healthy Public Policy National Health Commission (NHC) Statute on National Health System 7 Promotion of Local health wisdom 1Philosophy and basic conceptsof health system 8Consumer protection 2 Desirable health system and its and goal 9Generation and dissemination of health knowledge 3Health security and protection 4Health promotion 10Dissemination of health information 5Prevention and control of health threatening factors 11 Formation and development of health personnel 6Public health services and quality control 12 Health financing People participation at all levels 5

9. Health Impact Assessment (HIA) • Maximize positive impacts and minimize negative impacts on people health • Support the decision making at policies, programs or projects • Learning process of the society as a whole

10. Definition of Health Assembly “a process in which the relevant public and State agencies exchange their knowledge and cordially learn from each other through a participatory and systematically organized forum, leading to recommendations on Healthy Public Policies or Public Healthiness.”

11. “The Triangle that Moves the Mountain” Strategy Knowledge (K) NHA Social (S) Political Involvement (P) 4

12. Three Health Assembly Models under the Same Principles Principles Involvement of Stakeholders Systematic Management Learning and sharing Models National Health Assembly (NHA) Area-based Health Assembly (AHA) Issue –based Health Assembly (IHA)

13. System and Mechanism of Health Assembly • Cabinet • Parliament/Political sector • State agencies • Local administrative organization • Local communities • Academic profession organization • Private /Business / or other orgs. National Health Assembly National Health Assembly’s Organizing Committee ( NHAOC ) Principles and Procedures of Organizing NHA Put proposal to practice Linked Area based Health Assembly Principles and Procedures of Organizing Area based HA and Issued based HA Put proposal to practice Academic/ Professional NHCO Multi Sectoral Mechanism Issue based Health Assembly Private/Civil society Political /Gov. Mechanism for technical Support National Health Commission (NHC)

14. National Health Assembly is a year-long process Thai Health Systems and National Health Assembly

15. 2 dimensions, 4 values, 5 strategies Participatory Democracy Participatory healthy public policy Participatory healthy public policy process Social Movement Interactive Learning through action Social empowerment Thai Health Systems and National Health Assembly

16. 5 Strategies • Increase participation from all 3 sectors and build ownership • Develop the Assembly System that are systematic with clear pattern but with flexibility • Use inclusive approach to involve all stakeholders • Support downstream process to bring policy to implementation • Link National Health Assembly to Thailand Reform Assembly and Assembly at International level Thai Health Systems and National Health Assembly

18. Conceptual Idea of Health Assembly on the Development of Healthy Public Policy Government Sector State Policy Participatory Policy Formulating Civil Society Sector Needs of People Politic/Government Sector Health Assembly Civil Social Sector Knowledge Sector 26

19. Example Case learning to public development in Thailand

20. The Enhancement of Local Disaster Managementto Public Policy Development in Thailand

21. Scopes of Presentation • Disaster situation and the 2011 flood situation in Thailand • Roles of civil society organizations and local communities in disaster management • Movement of participatory public policy development • Contents of Thai NHA Resolution on disaster management with local communities as the focal point

22. Disaster Situations in Thailand(year 1989-2010) Department of the Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Ministry of Interior

23. Flood Situation in Thailand, 2011 • July 2011- January 2012 • Covered 65 provinces, 684 districts, with 4,086,138 households and 13,595, 192 people affected. • Houses : whole houses 2,329; partially damaged 96, 833 • Damagedagricultural areas 11.20 million Rais;13,961 roads;777drainage ditches; 724 bridges/bridge-necks; 231,919 fish/shrimp/clam farms. • 813people were killed and 3 were lost. • The World Bank approximated damage cost at 45,000 million baht.

27. Importance Causes • Communities’ lack of disaster planning • Lack of effective warningsystem and lack of accessible communication system • People’s lack of knowledge about disaster prevention.

31. Examples of community roles: Songkla PartnerAgainst Disasters • Damage (2010): 16 districts, 12 municipalities, 119 sub-districts, 1,049 villages/communities, 269,233 households, 802,247 people • Activities: • Providing horizontal warning system – focus on networking • Setting up database in both risk and safe areas • Encouragingcommunities to be alerted and self-dependent during disasters

32. Examples of community roles: Nakhon Sawan Community Network • Damage : 4 sub-districts, 59 communities, 18, 464 households, 72, 331people • Activities: • Setting up 11 relief shelters • Sacrificing some houses to safe the communities • Setting up Disaster Fund

33. Examples of community roles: Nakornpathom People Network • Damage : 7 districts, 102 sub-districts, 905 villages, 85,381 households, 230,165 people • Activities: • Setting up relief shelters in temples, schools and government offices • Setting up the shared kitchen • Recovering the indigenous orange, Nakornchaisri, orchards

34. National Health Assemblyin National Health Act, 2007 a process in which the relevant public and State agencies exchange their knowledge and cordially learn from each other through a participatory and systematically organized forum, leading to recommendations on Healthy Public Policies or Public Healthiness.

35. Timeline- Development of public policies on community-centered disaster management The Cabinet approved on NHA’s Resolution and assigned departments to act on accordingly (May 2012) The 4th National Health Assembly (NHA) (2-4 Feb 2012) Forum on Lessons learned from flood management (Jan 2012) The agenda was announced in The 4th NHA & academic team working on development of policy recommendation was set up Flood Oct-Dec 2011 The 14-province Southern Health Assembly Network in proposed to enclose the issue in the agenda of The 4th NHA(May 2011) Songkla PartnerAgainst Disasters

36. Resolutions • Revise the Disaster Prevention and MitigationPlans • Provide local community network’s preparation planning • Set up national fund • set up fund and collaborative mechanism in local level • Support knowledge management

37. Resolutions • Provide frequency bands for TV, radio broadcast • Encourage development of diverse volunteer networks • Set up area based health assembly to address disasters in the areas. • Prepare learning curriculums in every class level

38. Lessons Learn • The power of local communities and civil society networks is crucial in dealing with disasters in Thailand in 2011 • Working experiences of local communities and civil society networks are important sources for development of the policy recommendation • the Thai NHA, founded in accordance with the national Health Act, is a tool used for participatory development of healthy public policies, which is recognized by all sectors including the government