MODALS

1. HAVE GOT TO MUST CAN MUST HAVE BEEN MODALS MAY AND SKELETONS SHOULD HAVE TO MIGHT HAD BETTER

2. Modal Final Test Modals and Related Expressions must don’t have to couldn’t must have been Can you

3. don’t have to must couldn’t shouldn’t have to may must have cost

4. Shall would be floating ought to had better can be turned have got to mustn’t

5. can’t should had to shall could have might not

6. 1. I know it's rather rude, but I ask you where you purchased that pocket watch? I have been looking for one like that for my father. 2. You look good for your interview if you want to get the sales job. You wear the the white shirt and the maroon tie. I think that'll look really professional. 3. I be at work tomorrow by 7:00. I give a marketing presentation to one of our clients. 4. It's pretty hot in the desert at this time of year. If we are going to do some hiking, we take at least two or three quarts of water with us. Actually, it be hotter than we expect out there - maybe we should take a gallon or more. 5. You leave the table once you have finished your meal and politely excused yourself. 6. I try a little of your Black Forest cake? I looks absolutely delicious - I taste it! 7. I'm not really sure if Susan is going to go snow boarding with us or not. She decide to stay here and study for her Japanese final. She get a good score on the test if she wants to qualify to study abroad in Tokyo next semester MAY HAD BETTER HAVE GOT TO HAVE GOT TO HAD BETTER MAY MAY MAY ‘VE GOT TO MAY HAS GOT TO

7. may     had better     have got to     shall 8. I have a look at that necklace there in the display case? It's exactly what I've been looking for.9. You be joking! If you think I'm going to give you a tip after you mixed up the meal orders, spilled wine on me and insulted my wife, you get your head examined!!! 10. Ian, Evelyn and Deborah will be attending the conference. I be attending as well. MAY HAVE GOT TO SHALL 1. Nancy said you didn't need to buy her anything for her birthday, but I really think you ___________ at least get her some flowers or a nice bottle of wine. 2. Debbie said she was really busy this week, but I think she ______________ show up at the party if she doesn't have to work overtime on Friday. 3. Nina said she would come over right after work, so she _________________ be here by 6:00. 4. Oh my God, he's unconscious. Don't move him - he __________________ have internal injuries. Somebody call an ambulance. might should might might

8. might      should      must 5. You __________________ be kidding! That can't be true. 6. For most people, learning a language is a challenging undertaking. Experts agree that to make the most of your language learning experience, you ______________ practice the language regularly and push yourself to maintain old vocabulary while acquiring new words and expressions. 7. New research suggests that exercise can reduce the chance of heart disease as well as cancer. That's why I told my father that he _____________ start walking once a day. 8. We should invite Sally and her husband to come to the picnic on Saturday. We haven't seen them in weeks, and they ________________ really enjoy a nice day at the beach. 9. A: While I was a student, I spent a year and a half studying pygmy culture in the Central African Republic. My research focused on unique aspects of the their social structure and religion.     B: That _________________ have been absolutely fascinating! 10. We had better call Tony to see if he's at home before we go over to his house. He ____________ be there and we don't want to drive all the way over there for nothing. must must should might must might not

9. might      should      must 11. At first, my boss didn't want to hire Sam. But, because I had previously worked with Sam, I told my boss that he ______________ take another look at his resume and reconsider him for the position. 12. You _______________ worry so much. It doesn't do you any good. Either you get the job, or you don't. If you don't, just apply for another one. Eventually, you will find work. 13. I would love to go on the cruise to Tahiti with Robin and Michelle. But such a luxurious trip ______________ cost a fortune. I doubt I could afford something like that. 14. The book recommends adding fresh soil and using plant food to make your garden flowers grow. Since some people might be allergic to chemicals in artificial plant foods, the book says that you ______________ use an organic brand to avoid skin irritations. should shouldn’t must should

10. 1. Donna: If I won the ten million dollar lottery jackpot, I __________ afford to quit my job and travel the world.Sam: Where _____________ you go if you had that much money?Donna: I don't know, I ______________ choose to spend a year in Paris - or perhaps I ___________ go to Kenya.Sam: How often do you buy lottery tickets?Donna: Never... I guess if I want to win the lottery, I ____________ try buying some tickets.Sam: That ___________ help.2. Waitress: Hi, my name is Sandy - I'll be your waitress tonight. What can I get for you?Tony: I haven't decided yet. Is there anything you ____________ recommend? Is there anything you think I ___________ try? could would might would should would could should

11.  would     could     should     might   Waitress: You ____________ try the catfish - or perhaps the Gumbo (=fish soup). They're both delicious.Tony: That sounds wonderful, but that ___________ be a little too spicy for me. Actually, the prawns sound good. ___________ I have the barbecued prawns?Waitress: Sure, ___________ you like a salad with that?3. Jan: What __________ we look for in a candidate when we vote in a presidential election?Peter: I think citizens __________ vote for a President who has the ability to improve the quality of life in the United States.Jan: What __________ you do if you were President of the United States?Peter: I _____________ focus on environmental pollution.Jan: Every candidate always says he's going to do that, but it's a really complicated problem - there's not one which is easily solved. What makes you think you _______ actually stop pollution? could might Could would should should would would could

12. Modals and Related Expressions might be sitting must have returned ought to check must have been damaged should be delivered

13. have to book have got to be joking must still be waiting had to stay would be lying would not have had to could have taken

14. ought to be waiting might have been can be turned might have been crying must have been

15. might not have been painted must be cleaned might have been waiting AND NOW THE ....

16. Write out a composition from the following skeleton: - first thing - soldier - must learn - when - go - army - obey - orders -. - if - told - do - something -, - must do - without - ask - questions -. - Jim - find - very - difficult - do -. - often - not do - what - order - do -, - so - punish -: - sometimes - have to - clean - floors -, - sometimes - do - unpleasant jobs - camp kitchens -, - sometimes - march about - while - friends - rest -. - after - few weeks -, - decide - become - good soldier - do - exactly - what - order - do - - soon - put - in - group - soldiers - job - paint - army trucks -. - officer - tell - him - paint - one - trucks - dark green -. "- which part - want - me - paint -, - sir -?" - Jim -, - officer - hurry -, - so - shout -, "- every part -!" - Jim - want - be - sure - before - begin -, - so that - do - exactly - what - order - do -. "- every part - truck -, - sir -?" - ask -. "- yes -, - every part -!" - officer - shout - more loudly - before -. "- and - not stop - till - finish - whole truck -.„ - well -, - Jim - decide - obey - all orders - exactly -, - so - begin - paint - truck - dark green -. - paint - body - truck -, - then - paint - wheels - and - tires - and - lights - and - all - windows -. - after -, - start - paint - inside - truck -. - paint - seats - and - steering - wheel - and - insides - windows -. - when - finish -, - every part - truck - dark green -, - inside - outside - . - poor Jim - soon - clean - floors - do - dirty jobs - kitchens - again -.

17. Write out a composition from the following skeleton:   - one day - Jimmy - very excited - when - come - home - school -. "- hallo -, - Jimmy -," - mother -. "- what - happen -? - why - so - excited -?" "- oh -, - Mummy -." - answer -, "- teacher - have - beautiful, white rabbit - name - Snowball -. - not want - him - more -. - so - going - put - all our names - in hat -, - then - take - one - out -. - boy - whose name it - is - get - Snowball -. - but - before - any - name - put - hat -, - must have - letter - from - parents - say - may keep - Snowball - if - win -." - Jimmy's parents - already - two dogs - and - cat -, - enough trouble - without - rabbit - as well -, - so - mother - not very pleased - when - hear - Snowball -, - but - think - quickly - then - say -, "- how many - boys - your class -, - Jimmy -?" "- thirty -," - answer -. "- why -, - Mummy -?" "- not - matter -," - say -. "- I - give - letter -." - she - not want - say - no - Jimmy -, - and - think - that -, - with - twenty-nine - other - in - class -, - not - at all - probable - Jimmy - win - rabbit -. - so - Jimmy - go - off - school - next morning - very excited - with - letter - for - teacher -. - arrive - back - afternoon -, - run - kitchen - say - mother -, "- Snowball - mine -! - Snowball - mine -!" -so excited - hardly - able - speak -. - mother - hardly - believe -. "- mean - out of - all - thirty - in - class - you - win -?" - say -. "- well -." - answer -, "- not exactly - win -. - I - only boy - class - bring - letter - which - teacher - ask -."

18. Write out a composition from the following skeleton: -Joan - doctor - work - hospital -. - very fond - hunting -, - and - whenever - have - free day -, - go - forest - with - gun -. - as - hunting - sport - which - very few women - do -, - she - always - try - hard - avoid - make - silly - mistakes - when - hunting - with - men -, - because - not want - them - think -, "- that - exactly - what - expect - woman - do -!" - was - one man - who - hunt - deer - with her - several times - and - who - say - she - just as good - at - as - any man -. - one morning - this man -, - name - Bob -, - invite - her - hunt - deer - with -, - so - go - forest - together -. - suddenly - see - big deer - come - towards -, - and - Bob - whisper - her -, "- yours -!" - Joan - put - gun - shoulder -, -aim - carefully - press - trigger -. - nothing - happen -. - try - again -, - again - gun - not fire - . - this time -, - deer - smell - Joan - Bob - run - away -. - of course -, - Bob - very surprised -. - take - Joan's gun -, - open - and - catch - shell - as - come - out -. - look - at - several - seconds - mouth - open -. - seem - not - believe - what - see -. - then - begin - laugh - loudly -. -Joan - take - shell - from -, - look - look - at - see - not - shell - at all -, - but - lipstick -, - which - exactly - same size - shape - shells - her gun -. - face - very red - as - remember -, - when - put - on - coat - that morning -, - put - lipstick - one - pockets - which - keep - shells -. 

19. Write out a composition from the following skeleton: - Sunday morning -. - old gentleman - sit - bench - park -, - enjoy - sun -, - when - see - young father - walk - slowly - towards - along - path - with - baby son -. - seem - talk - very happily - each other -. "- suppose - he - take - son - walk - while - wife - cook - lunch -," - think - old gentleman -. "- child - enjoy - sun -, - mother - free - do - work -." - just then -, - baby - begin - cry - loudly -. - old - gentleman - see - that - child - want - go - down - towards - lake -, - while - father - want - start - go - home -. "- suppose - lunch - soon - ready -," - think - old gentleman -, "- and - if - they - late -, - spoil -, - and - mother - angry - with - husband -." - baby - cry louder - louder - become - angrier - angrier - as young father - quietly - go - on - refuse - let - go - down - lake -. - old gentleman - very interested - see - how - young father - behave - child -. - not shout - or - become - angry -, - but - say - again - again -, - quite voice -, "- all right -, - Joe -. - keep - calm -, - Joe -. - not - get - excited -, - Joe -.

20. - old gentleman - very pleased - see - such - wise father -, - so - get - up -, - go - towards - and - say - with - lot - feeling -," - may - congratulate -, - sir -! - behave - wonderfully -. - you - know - how - treat - your child - very well -. - so calm - with -. - so - little boy's name - Joe -, -?" "- no -, - not -. - answer -. "- his name - Dick -. I - Joe." Thank you for your attention!