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MANIA

MANIA. Amy Selvaggio. M ilitarism A lliances N ationalism I mperialism A ssassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. Nationalism. Was a unifying force for people within a country, but… Created a fierce competition between different countries: Germany Austria-Hungary Great Britain Russia

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MANIA

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  1. MANIA Amy Selvaggio

  2. Militarism • Alliances • Nationalism • Imperialism • Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

  3. Nationalism • Was a unifying force for people within a country, but… • Created a fierce competition between different countries: • Germany • Austria-Hungary • Great Britain • Russia • Italy • France

  4. A lot of this competition came from the need for materials and trade markets caused by imperialism • For example: Germany was challenging Great Britain for industrial power. Industrialization + Nationalism = Imperialism Cherio! We’re #1

  5. Imperialism + Nationalism = fighting over land • France lost land to Germany in a war • Russia and Aus.-Hun. Duke it out to dominate Balkans • Nationalist groups in the Balkans begin to demand freedom

  6. Militarism • The competition caused by nationalism will eventually lead to a weapons race • Great power = great military • By 1914 all great powers (except Britain) have a large armies (Britain had kick-butt Navy) • They also developed plans for mobilization: quick organization and movement of army

  7. Close proximity causes a chain reaction. If one country built up its army, so did the neighbors

  8. Alliances • As early as 1870s, Europe’s great powers were forming alliances • Alliances were designed to keep the peace, but actually pushed Europe into war. • Let’s begin with Germany…

  9. Because of the land that France lost to Germany, Otto von Bismarck (leader of Germany’s gov.) saw France as a threat. • Germany’s goal was to isolate France. • 1879: Dual alliance w/ Aus.-Hun. • 1882: Triple alliance : Germany, Aus.-Hun., Italy • 1887: Treaty w/ Russia

  10. There was a flaw in the alliance system: • Though Bismarck wanted to keep the peace in Europe, he and others knew that the alliances were unstable. • Many countries tied together because of their loyalty to another country were actually enemies. • For example: Russia and A-H were rivals, competing for control of the Balkans.

  11. Bismarck Gets the Boot • In 1890, Kaiser (King) Wilhelm II decided that he didn’t want to share power, so forces Bismarck to resign. • He’s very militaristic • 1890: allows treaty w/ Russia to expire

  12. Russia decides to ally with France in 1892 and again in 1894 • Now, if anything happened, Germany would have to fight a two-front war

  13. Germany gets jealous of Great Britain, so begins to build up their colonies and their Navy • GB gets nervous & expands their Naval fleet • 1904: GB forms entente with France • 1907: GB forms entente with France & Russia- This was known as the triple entente • This did not mean that GB had to help them in a fight, but that they would not fight against them.

  14. By 1907: Triple Alliance Triple Entente Great Britain France Russia Germany Austria Hungary Italy

  15. Balkans: The Powder Keg of Europe • By 1900, the Ottoman Empire was falling apart • Many Balkan regions once under Ottoman control separated and formed new nations: • Greece, Serbia, Bulgaria, Montenegro, Romania • (The ethnic and linguistic base of these nations was Slavic)

  16. Russia (which had a major Slavic population) supported Serbian nationalism • A-H felt threatened • Both Russia and A-H hoped to fill the Leadership role that was left open by the collapse of the Ottoman Emp.

  17. 1908: A-H annexes Bosnia Herzegovina • Bos. Herz. Has a large Slavic population • Their neighbor, Serbia, is outraged (They also have large Slavic population).

  18. Russia offers to support Bos. Herz. but is not prepared for war • Germany backs A-H, Russia & Serbia back down • Serbia gains more territory by 1914 and is eager to take Bos. Herz. • A-H vows retaliation if Serbs try to take away power

  19. The Spark • Franz Ferdinand was the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne • June 28, 1914 he and his wife, Sophia visited Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia.

  20. Both Ferdinand and his wife were shot by a Serbian nationalist at point blank range

  21. Gavrilo Princip, 19 yo • Belonged to a nationalist group, The Black Hand • wanted Bosnia to join Serbia. • They thought that assassinating the Archduke would start a war which would lead to uniting Serbia.

  22. Austria-Hungary believed that the Serbian gov’t was behind the assassination. • Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany pledges his support to A-H • A-H issues an ultimatum to allow AH to enter Serbia to investigate. • Serbia rejects the ultimatum.

  23. Europe at War • A-H declares war against Serbia on July 28, 1914. • The same day, Russia mobilized troops to the A-H border. • GB, Italy, & Germany urge A-H and Russia to negotiate, but it’s too late.

  24. Because of the Alliance System, Europe would be plunged into the largest war yet.

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