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CELLULAR RESPIRATION

CELLULAR RESPIRATION. Includes metabolic pathways Begins with glucose and ends with carbon dioxide & water Overall equation (aerobic) Glucose-high energy molecule Electrons are removed from substrates & received by oxygen (oxidation). OVERALL DESCRIPTION.

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CELLULAR RESPIRATION

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  1. CELLULAR RESPIRATION • Includes metabolic pathways • Begins with glucose and ends with carbon dioxide & water • Overall equation (aerobic) • Glucose-high energy molecule • Electrons are removed from substrates & received by oxygen (oxidation)

  2. OVERALL DESCRIPTION • Glucose is oxidized and oxygen is released • Glucose is released slowly and ATP is produced gradually • Breakdown of glucose yields 38 ATP • Each reaction is catalyzed by • its own enzyme

  3. COMPONENTS OF OVERALL PROCESS • Glycolysis • Transition Reaction • Kreb’s Cycle • Electron Transport

  4. GLYCOLYSIS • Begins with the two phosphorylations using 2 ATP • Sugar cleavage occurs • Oxidations (dehydrogenations) occur • 2 ATP form. Aerobic or anaerobic respiration may follow

  5. GLYCOLYSIS • Definition • 1. Gain of 2 ATP • 2. Occurs in the cytoplasm • 3. Does not require oxygen

  6. AEROBIC RESPIRATION • The Transition Reaction • The Kreb’s Cycle • The Electron Transport System • Pyruvic Acid broken down into carbon dioxide and water • Takes place in the mitochondria

  7. THE TRANSITION REACTION • Pyruvic acid is oxidized to Acetyl Co A and carbon dioxide is removed

  8. THE KREB’S CYCLE • 1. Number of 0xidations (dehydrogenations) occur • 2. Carbon dioxide is produced • 3. 2 immediate ATP are produced per molecule of glucose. • The cycle turns twice for each glucose molecule.

  9. THE ELECTRON TRANSPORT SYSTEM • 1. Series of carriers accepts electrons . Electrons are passed from carrier to carrier until received by oxygen. • Electrons pass from higher to lower energy state • Once formed ATP diffuses out of the mitochondria.

  10. ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION OR FERMENTATION • Pyruvic acid is a pivotal metabolite in cellular respiration • If oxygen is not available to the cell, fermentation, an anaerobic process occurs • Lactic acid or ethyl alcohol and • carbon dioxide is formed &2ATP

  11. ENERGY YIELD FROM GLUCOSE METABOLISM • AEROBIC • 1. From Kreb’s Cycle • 2. From Electron Transport • 3. From Glycolysis • ANAEROBIC • 1. From Glycolysis • COMPARE END PRODUCTS FOR BOTH PROCESSES

  12. CRITICAL THINKING • Cyanide interrupts the cytochrome system of electron transport. • Why is cyanide a universal poison effective in all organisims with mitochondria?

  13. CRITICAL THINKING • The electron transport system is the producer of ATP from ADP in aerobic respiration. Stopping the electron transport system stops ATP production. Which stops metabolic reactions. • This is a universal system.

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