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Heian Japan 784-1156 CE

Heian Japan 784-1156 CE. Kemmu Professor in Imperial University Eldest Son Lesser Wife No Chance Backed by Fujiwara Kemmu named Successor How to Assert Power Move the Capital Escape the Powerful Influence of Nara Buddhism Costly and Temporarily Disruptive.

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Heian Japan 784-1156 CE

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  1. Heian Japan 784-1156 CE

  2. Kemmu Professor in Imperial University Eldest Son Lesser Wife No Chance Backed by Fujiwara Kemmu named SuccessorHow to Assert Power Move the CapitalEscape the Powerful Influence of Nara Buddhism Costly and Temporarily Disruptive

  3. Kemmu Better River TransportationBetter Access to Eastern and Northern ProvincesOffensive Against the Emishi

  4. Problems with the Emishi Force them on Reservations Kemmu sent forces in 789 and 794 Failure Commander Sakanoue No Tamuramoro Title: Seii Taishogun 811 Resounding Victory Never Again a Serious Problem

  5. 810 Created Two New Offices Emperor’s Private Office Issue Administrative Edicts more Directly Metropolitan Police Board Order in the Capital

  6. 858 Fujiwara Yoshifusa appointed Regent to EmperorRegent for child Emperor is called SesshoChild Emperor Seiwa was Yoshifusa’s GrandsonBefore Regent from Imperial HouseholdRegent to an Adult Emperor called KampakuSessjp-Kampaku new center of State Power

  7. Kemmu’s Three Sons Attracted to Chinese Letters and ArtMade it the Fashion in the CapitalNot interested in Business or GovernmentRuled for 17 YearsTradition of Imperial Abdication Left Open for Fujiwara In-laws

  8. Fujiwara had Aristocratic Lineage Running Back through Kamatari and Taika Reform DaysNakatomi Clan—Principal Advisor to the First God EmperorJimmu TennoClose to the Emperor in Early TimesWhen Kemmu broke the Buddhist Hold at CourtFujiwara had their Opportunity

  9. Kemmu left Heirs who were Unfitnext 15 Emperors to 1059 7 Ruled as Children Fujiwara House Ruler Until 1160, the Family did not attempt Control No Promotion without Fujiwara Backing

  10. Decline of Public Administration in the ProvincesFujiwara acquired ever larger private Estates

  11. Formation of Tax Free Estates (Shoen) Started during Nara Period Great Tracts of New Land Court Nobles and Religious Institutions Document from the Government Proprietorships in Perpetuity Waiver of Taxes Immunity from Intrusion by Government Officials

  12. Small Holders Joined Larger Holdings Avoid Government Taxation Ensure Local Protection Transfer Title of Land to the Estate Continued to Work his Fields Tax less than Government’s Triple TaxEntirely Beyond the Jurisdiction of the Central Government Much of the Public Domain Became Private Domain Flow of Tax Revenues Dwindled

  13. Division of Income on Tax Free Estates Shiki was the Income from the Estates Divided Unequally Patron (Capitol) Buddhist Overlord Head of Great Family Proprietor Head of a Group of Administrators Managed the Estate

  14. Problems of Kemmu Three Sons interested in the Chinese Letters and the Arts Made it the Fashion in Nara Not interested in Government Not Fit to Rule They Established the Policy of Imperial Abdication Field Open for in-laws Marriages and Court Ceremonies Nakatomi Clan Jimmu Tenno

  15. Troubles at Fujiwara Court Attempts of Other Families Failed Fujiwara would share power Banish Dissenter to Outer Areas For Decades First-Rate Statesmen Productive Young Daughters 1068 Emperor without Fujiwara Mother

  16. Go-Sanjo 35 Years of Age Crown Prince for 25 Years Mistreated by Fujiwara Check Fujiwara Power Open Records Check Validity of Estates Fujiwara Land not Covered 1072 CE Go-Sanjo Abdicated Ceremonial Duties Poor Health

  17. Son and Successor Shirakawa Abdicated at an Early Age Office of the Cloistered Emperor Fujiwara openly quarreling among themselves

  18. Age of Cloistered Emperors (1086-1156 CE) Imperial House into Competition Provincial Families Lower Provincial Officials Considerable Wealth and Prestige Influence in their Home Regions Voices Not heard in Kyoto Government—no Conscription Military Governors—Militias Bushidan

  19. Cadet Branches of the Imperial Family Too Many Economic Liability Non-Royal Status Given Surnames Most Prominent (Taira and Minamoto) Number of Minamoto in Capitol Minamoto and Taira Influential in Provinces

  20. The Taira Founder Prince Takamochi Sent to the East as Vice-Governor of Kazusa Province Taira with Low Court Rank Settled in Eastern Japan Built up Large Property Holdings

  21. Taira Masakado Grandson of Prince Takamochi Rose in Revolt against his Uncle Uncle was the Vice-Governor of Hitachi Uncle Assassinated General Revolt against Administration Warriors flock to Masakado’s Public Offices Burned Official Seal Carried OffDeclared “New Emperor”

  22. Fujiwara had to Move Send Army Fujiwara no Military ExperienceMasakado Killed by member of his Family Head sent to the CapitolFujiwara Congratulated ThemselvesOther Outbreaks

  23. Military Situation in Provinces Bushidan Not strictly the Product of Tax Free Estates Not Content to be the Agents of the Patron Loyalties were involved in Family and Clan Connections Boundaries across Estates 11th More Complex and Highly Organized

  24. The Band Chieftain’s Family and Branches Not Related Fought for Rewards Usually Land Rewards for Family Some Arrangements cover entire Province Taira was First

  25. Minamoto who Developed the Powerful BaseGreat Fighting ReputationAttracted Warriors to the Kanto AreaMembers of East Taira joined the MinamotoMilitary tied Together by Oath and Alliances

  26. Minamoto Yoriyoshi Fought Against the Abe Family in North Abe Intermarried with Emishi Established the Minamoto in the North and East

  27. Fujiwara worried Minamoto Yoshiie, Son of Minamoto Yoriyoshi, started war in North So famous that he was known Hachiman Taro Taro the Son of the War God Hachiman

  28. Cloistered Emperor Shirakawa (1072—1086, d. 1129)In 1086 the Minamoto Supported ShirakawaFujiwara lost control of the Ex-EmperorsSirakawa continued his interest in PoliticsSirakawa Established a Competing Court

  29. Emperor (Fujiwara Party)Ex-Emperor (Anti-Fujiwara Party)Shirakawa undermined but not Displace Fujiwara Fujiwara used the Minamoto WarriorsEarlier the Minamoto had been the “Claws and Teeth of the FujiwaraMinamoto had earlier solved Problems for the Fujiwara

  30. Ex-Emperor Used the TairaConflictNo Longer BanishmentBloody Conflict between Taira and Minamoto

  31. Cloistered Emperors Shirakawa and Toba Taira gained Ise Branch of the Taira Large Land Holdings Influence over Taira Branch in the East

  32. Hogen Incident Victory went to Taira and Go-Shirakawa Transfer of Affairs from Court to Military Taira and Minamoto on both sides Leaders who supported Go-Sirakawa dictated the peace Blood of those who lost Minamoto Yoshitomo killed his Father Taira Kiyomori killed his Uncle

  33. Heiji Incident Taira Kiyomori received Favors Minamoto cheated Hard Fighting nearly destroy Minamoto Kiyomori master of Kyoto Taira Supremacy at Court last 20 years

  34. Problems for the Taira Classic Story for Japanese Pride and Arrogance Lived in Opulence and Splendor Took Highest Offices Married Fujiwara and Imperial Family Kiyomori grandson infant Emperor

  35. Taira raise through Cloistered EmperorTaira now on the Emperor’s sideToo much involvement in Court PoliticsFailure to deal with Provincial MilitaryContent to stay in CapitolTrade with Song ChinaNo reform of Administration

  36. Revitalization of the Minamoto1170 Anti-Taria Minister at CourtAnti-Taria at Leading MonasteriesFull scale Revolt in the East

  37. Minamoto Yoritomo Leader of the Eastern Revolt Son of Yorshitomo Lived at Kamakura Control of Warrior Families Controlled the Kanto Plain Rich Agricultural Area Birthplace of the Samurai

  38. Taira and the Minamoto Ise Taira of West against the Eastern Minamoto 1183 Taira out of the Capitol Kiyomori died earlier so no leadership

  39. Minamoto Yoshisune Defeated Taira in key Battles 1185 led Naval Force against Taira Straits of Shimonoseki Child Emperor Antoku and Taira Perished Minamoto victor

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