HABITAT AND ADAPTATION

1. HABITAT AND ADAPTATION

2. HABITAT • THE SURROUNDINGS WHERE ORGANISMS LIVE IS CALLED A HABITAT. • HABITAT HAS GOT TWO COMPONENTS • BIOTIC • ABIOTIC PLANTS ANIMALS ROCKS SOIL WATER AIR

3. HABITAT • TERRESTRIAL AQUATIC MOUNTAINS OCEANS GRASS LAND PONDS AND LAKES DESERT RIVERS

4. Imagine yourself at a picnic in a park. It is a beautiful day, and everything is just great! You lay out your food, build a fire, and start roasting your hot dogs. Then, suddenly, the wind starts blowing, the sky gets cloudy, lightning flashes, thunder rolls, and rain starts pouring down. You, your food, and your fire, all start to get wet. What are you going to do?

5. Well, you have some choices: You could do nothing, in which case, your food will get soaked, your fire will go out, and you will get cold and wet and probably hungry. You might even be struck by lightning!

6. You could put on a big raincoat or put up a tarp to keep yourself, your food, and your fire dry while you finish your picnic. (Of course, you will still have to keep an eye on that pesky lightning.) • You could pick up your stuff, go under a park shelter, and use the gas burners to cook your food and finish your picnic. • You could just go home and have an indoor picnic.

7. If you choose to change: • Yourself by putting on a raincoat, • Your behavior by using a gas fire under a shelter rather than a wood fire out in the open, or • Your location by going home, • you will be changing or adapting to the changing weather so that you can continue to enjoy your picnic

8. On the other hand, if you choose to do nothing to adapt to the changing conditions, you will probably make yourself miserable, prevent yourself from finishing your picnic, and you might even make yourself extinct!

9. But environments change. Just as your picnic environment changed when the cloudburst came, environments around the world change over time. And as environments change, the plants and animals living in them must change and adapt to the new conditions. They must change the shape and function of their bodies (physical adaptation), or they must change their behavior (behavioral adaptation), or they must move to a different place that has the environment they need. Otherwise, they too become uncomfortable and possibly extinct!

10. ADAPTATION • Anything that helps an organism survive in its environment is an adaptation.  • It also refers to the ability of living things to adjust to different conditions within their environments. 

11. DESERT

12. ADAPTATIONS OF DESERT ANIMALS • camels have long legs Which helps to keep their bodies away from the heat of sand • They excrete small amount of urine • They do not sweat • Animals like snakes and lizards stay in burrows during day time to escape the heat • Fennec fox have long ears to cool itself.

13. ADAPTATION OF DESERT PLANTS • Leaves modified to spines to reduce transpiration • Photosynthesis is carried out by stems • Stem covered with waxy layer, helps to retain water • Roots grow deep into the soil to absorb water

15. Camels Long eyelashes Keeps sand from storms and glaring sun from camels eyes. Humps Camel can store a supply of water so it doesn’t have to stop to drink Long Legs Big, flat feet Enable camels to walk on the sand without sinking into it.

16. ANIMALS FOUND IN DESERT

18. MOUNTAIN REGIONS

19. Who would live here?

20. ADAPTATIONS OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS • Have thick skin or fur to protect from cold • Eg: yak, tiger, angora rabbit • Strong hoofs for running up rocky slopes • Eg: mountain goat • Cone shaped trees with sloping branches help snow to slide off easily • Needle like leaves • Cone shape of trees help to withstand strong winds

23. GRASS LANDS

25. ADAPTATIONS • PREDATOR • Ability to blend with the surroundings, eg: light brown color of lion • Eyes in front of face allow correct location of prey • PREY • Strong teeth for chewing hard plant stems • Long ears to hear movements of predator • Eyes on the sides of head allow to look in all directions • Great speed

27. AQUATIC HABITATS • OCEANS • PONDS AND LAKES

28. OCEANS

29. ADAPTATIONS • Streamlined body • Gills to breathe dissolved oxygen in water • In mammals, nostrils located on the upper parts of their heads helps to breathe in air • Can stay under water for along time without breathing

32. PONDS AND LAKES • PLANTS • Roots are reduced in size, main function is to hold the plant in place • Stems are hollow and light • Thin ribbon like leaves, allow water to flow over them without damaging them • Webbed feet as in duck and frog help in swimming • Stream lined body and fins in fishes help them to swim

36. Looking at living things LIFE PROCESSES

37. Living things • Although all living things look different from each other, they all have seven things in common. • These seven things are called life processes. • Something is only alive if it does all seven processes.

38. THE SEVEN LIFE PROCESSES

39. All living things move 1

40. Animals move their whole bodies to get from one place to another. Plants turn towards the light and their roots grow down into the soil.

41. All living thingsreproduce 2

42. Animals have babies. New plants grow from seeds.

43. All living things are sensitive 3

44. All living things respond to changes. Living things notice changes in their surroundings and react to them. Eg. Plants grow towards the light. Eg. People react to the temperature around them.

45. All living things neednutrition 4

46. Food is used to provide energy. Green plants make their own food using sunlight. Animals eat plants or other animals.

47. All living thingsexcrete 5

48. Waste substances must be removed from the body. Plants and animals both need to get rid of waste gas and water.

49. All living thingsrespire 6

50. Plants and animals use the oxygen in the air to turn food into energy.