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Biomechanics of the Pediatric Head and Spine: Applying the Lessons Learned from Adults

Biomechanics of the Pediatric Head and Spine: Applying the Lessons Learned from Adults. Barry Myers, Alan Dibb, Jason Luck, Plato Alexander, Andre Loyd, Donald Frush, and Roger Nightingale Injury and Orthopedic Biomechanics Laboratory Department of Biomedical Engineering

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Biomechanics of the Pediatric Head and Spine: Applying the Lessons Learned from Adults

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  1. Biomechanics of the Pediatric Head and Spine: Applying the Lessons Learned from Adults Barry Myers, Alan Dibb, Jason Luck, Plato Alexander, Andre Loyd, Donald Frush, and Roger Nightingale Injury and Orthopedic Biomechanics Laboratory Department of Biomedical Engineering Division of Orthopedic Surgery Duke University

  2. Introduction: Motivation • Enhance pediatric head and neck computational models, child ATDs, and pediatric neck and head injury criteria • Biofidelic anthropometry • Mechanical properties • Validation datasets

  3. Introduction: Pediatric Head • Anatomy – 3D head contour • Constitutive properties – skull and suture • Structural properties – whole head

  4. Anatomy: 3D Head Contour • Clinical CT scans • Ages 1 month to 10-years-old • Male and female • MATLab code • Average head contours

  5. Anatomy: Male Head Contours Sagittal plane Average head contour insensitive to averaging technique (p>0.95)

  6. Anatomy: 3D 3 Year Old HeadProposed Work – Other Age Groups 3-year-old head contour: average RMS error = 3.8mm

  7. length=1.79 width=2.68 thickness=1.80 Constitutive Properties Skull & Suture 3.5 3 2.5 2 Stress (Pa * 10,000) 1.5 1 0.5 0 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 Strain (mm/mm)

  8. Constitutive Properties Skull & Suture:Histology

  9. Constitutive Properties: Skull & SutureProposed work – Segmentation & Inverse FEA • Accurate geometry • 2nd order tetrahedrals • Optimization (LS-DYNA and LS-OPT) • Elastic • Viscoelastic

  10. Upper Plate Load Cell Specimen Lower Plate MTS ram Structural Properties - Whole Head:Quasi-Static Compression & Impact

  11. CRABI vs Infant: Head Impact 15 cm drop 30 cm drop

  12. Introduction: Pediatric Cervical Spine • Anatomy – osteoligamentous and muscular • Constitutive properties – synchondroses • Structural properties – cervical spine

  13. Anatomy: Osteoligamentous & Muscular

  14. Constitutive Properties: SynchondrosesProposed Work

  15. 6 Axis Load Cell MTS Hydraulic Actuator Structural Properties: Cervical Spine • Specimen Pool (n = 6) • Male and Female • 20 and 33 weeks gestation • 1, 3, 11 and 24 days • Specimen Preparation • Frozen human cervical spines • Occiput – T1 • Musculature & mandible removed • Fixation at head and T1 • Frankfurt Plane established

  16. Pediatric Spine: Bending Stiffness • You can’t push on a rope

  17. Structural Properties: Cervical Spine3 Day – Tolerance

  18. Structural Properties: Cervical Spine

  19. Summary: Duke Program • Anatomy – 3D head contour • Constitutive properties – skull and suture • Structural properties – whole head • Anatomy – osteoligamentous and muscular • Constitutive properties – synchondroses • Structural properties – cervical spine

  20. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS • Southern Consortium for Injury Biomechanics • National Highway Traffic Safety Administration • Altair Engineering • Duke Visualization Technology Group • The Duke Center for In Vivo Micropscopy

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