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Splash Screen. Chapter Introduction Section 1: The New Conservatism Section 2: The Reagan Years Section 3: Life in the 1980s Section 4: The End of the Cold War Visual Summary. Chapter Menu. Are There Cycles in American Politics?

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Splash Screen

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  1. Splash Screen

  2. Chapter Introduction Section 1:The New Conservatism Section 2:The Reagan Years Section 3:Life in the 1980s Section 4:The End of the Cold War Visual Summary Chapter Menu

  3. Are There Cycles in American Politics? After several decades during which progressive and liberal ideas dominated American politics, conservatism began making a comeback in the 1970s, and in 1980 voters elected the conservative Ronald Reagan president. Reagan’s commitment to less government regulation, a stronger military, and uncompromising anticommunism seemed to address voters’ concerns. • Why do you think conservative ideas appealed to more Americans in the 1980s? • How do you think conservative ideas have changed society? Chapter Intro

  4. Chapter Timeline

  5. Chapter Timeline

  6. The New Conservatism What political changes following World War II supported the growth of political conservatism? Chapter Intro 1

  7. The Reagan Years Are American politics characterized by conflict or cooperation? Chapter Intro 2

  8. Life in the 1980s What are the greatest social problems in the United States today? Chapter Intro 3

  9. The End of the Cold War What problems areas do presidents face? Chapter Intro 4

  10. Chapter Preview-End

  11. Big Ideas Economics and SocietyHigh taxes as well as economic and moral concerns led the country toward a new conservatism. Section 1-Main Idea

  12. Content Vocabulary • liberal • conservative • “televangelist” Academic Vocabulary • indicate • stability Section 1-Key Terms

  13. People and Events to Identify • William F. Buckley • Sunbelt • Billy Graham • Jerry Falwell • “Moral Majority” Section 1-Key Terms

  14. A B Do you view yourself as a liberal or a conservative? A. Liberal B. Conservative Section 1-Polling Question

  15. Liberalism and Conservatism Conservatives and liberals disagreed about the role of the government. Section 1

  16. Liberalism and Conservatism(cont.) • The American political system is divided into liberalsand conservatives. • Liberals believe the following: • Government should regulate the economy to protect people from the power of large corporations. • The federal government should play an active role in helping disadvantaged Americans. Section 1

  17. Liberalism and Conservatism(cont.) • Free speech and privacy are important. • A diverse society made up of different races, cultures, and ethnic groups will be more creative and energetic. • The wealthy should be taxed more. Section 1

  18. Liberalism and Conservatism(cont.) • Conservatives believe the following: • The government is not trustworthy. • Free enterprise is the best economic system. • Taxes and government programs discourage investment, take away people’s incentive to work hard, and reduce the amount of freedom in society. Section 1

  19. Liberalism and Conservatism(cont.) • Religious faith is vitally important in sustaining society. Section 1

  20. A B Which side of the political spectrum would be suspicious of any attempt by the government to regulate social behavior? A.Liberals B.Conservatives Section 1

  21. Conservatism Revives Geographical regions tend to support either liberal or conservative ideas. Section 1

  22. Conservatism Revives(cont.) • Support for conservative ideas began to revive for two major reasons: • The struggle against communism revived the debate about the role of the government in the economy. • To Americans with a deep religious faith, the struggle against communism was a struggle between good and evil. Section 1

  23. Conservatism Revives(cont.) • In 1955 a young conservative named William F. Buckley founded a new magazine called National Review. • In 1960 some 90 young conservative leaders met at Buckley’s estate and founded Young Americans for Freedom (YAF). Section 1

  24. Conservatism Revives(cont.) • As the Sunbelt’seconomy expanded, Americans living in those regions began to view the federal government differently than people living in the Northeast. • With Southerners shifting to the Republican Party, conservatives began to build a coalition that could elect a president. The Rise of the Sunbelt, 1950–1980 Section 1

  25. Conservatism Revives(cont.) • The rapid inflation of the 1970s caused the buying power of middle-class families to shrink while taxes remained high. • As conservatives began to call for tax cuts, the middle class flocked to their cause. • Some Americans were drawn to conservatism because they feared that American society had lost touch with its traditional values. Section 1

  26. Conservatism Revives(cont.) • Conservatives were critical of the following occurrences: • the Supreme Court decision in Roe v. Wade • Supreme Court decisions that limited prayer in public schools and expanded protections for people accused of crimes • the feminist movement • the push for the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) Section 1

  27. Conservatism Revives(cont.) • The largest group of religious conservatives was evangelical Protestants. • Protestant ministers such as Billy Grahamand Oral Roberts built national followings. • “Televangelists”such as Marion “Pat” Robertson and Jerry Falwellwere also popular. • Falwell used his television show to found a movement he called the “Moral Majority.” Section 1

  28. Conservatism Revives(cont.) • Although the members of this new coalition were concerned with many issues, they were held together by a common belief that American society had somehow lost its way. Section 1

  29. A B C D Conservatives in the 1950s and early 1960s faced which of the following problems? A.The nation wanted the government to help with the economy. B.Their votes were split between the Republicans and Democrats. C.They needed a strong leader to represent them. D. People had moved away from religion. Section 1

  30. Section 1-End

  31. Big Ideas Trade, War, and MigrationDuring the Cold War, President Reagan reinforced the idea that the United States had to take strong action to resist the spread of Communist influence abroad. Section 2-Main Idea

  32. Content Vocabulary • supply-side economics • budget deficit • “mutual assured destruction” Academic Vocabulary • confirmation • visible Section 2-Key Terms

  33. People and Events to Identify • Reaganomics • Iran-Contra scandal • Mikhail Gorbachev Section 2-Key Terms

  34. A B Do you agree that cutting social programs is a good way to keep the deficit under control? A. Agree B. Disagree Section 2-Polling Question

  35. The Road to the White House President Reagan’s experiences in Hollywood and as governor of California led to his success in campaigning for presidency. Section 2

  36. The Road to the White House(cont.) • As a broadcaster and actor, Ronald Reagan learned how to speak publicly and how to project a strong, attractive image—skills that proved invaluable when he entered politics. • Reagan testified about communism in Hollywood before the House Un-American Activities Committee. • He had been a Democrat, but dealing with Communists when he was president of the actors’ union, the Screen Actors guild, led him toward conservative ideas. Section 2

  37. The Road to the White House(cont.) • Reagan was governor of California for two terms. • Ten years later he won the Republican presidential nomination. • Reagan’s campaign appealed to Americans who were frustrated with the economy and worried that the United States had become weak internationally. • He easily defeated President Carter in the election of 1980. Section 2

  38. A B C D Which job that Reagan had as a teenager shaped part of his political philosophy? A.Paperboy B.Waiter C.Lifeguard D.Sales clerk Section 2

  39. Domestic Policies Believing that government was part of the problem, President Reagan cut social service programs, sponsored tax cuts, and deregulated industry. Section 2

  40. Domestic Policies(cont.) • Reagan’s first priority was the economy, which was suffering from stagflation, a combination of high unemployment and high inflation. • The monetarists argued that inflation was caused by too much money in circulation. They believed the best solution was to raise interest rates. • Another group supported supply-sideeconomics. Section 2

  41. Domestic Policies(cont.) • They argued that the economy was weak because taxes were too high. • Reagan combined monetarism and supply-side economics—critics called his approach Reaganomics, or “trickle-down economics.” • He encouraged the Federal Reserve to keep interest rates high and asked Congress to pass a massive tax cut. Section 2

  42. Domestic Policies(cont.) • Cutting tax rates meant that the government would receive less money, which would increase the budget deficit. • To keep the deficit under control, Reagan proposed cuts to social programs such as food stamps, student loans, and Medicare. • Reagan believed that excessive government regulation was another cause of the economy’s problems. Section 2

  43. Domestic Policies(cont.) • His first act as president was to sign an executive order to end price controls on oil and gasoline, which caused prices to fall. • Other deregulation soon followed. • In 1983 the economy began to recover. • By 1984, the United States had begun the biggest economic expansion in its history up to that time. Section 2

  44. Domestic Policies(cont.) • Reagan brought his strict constructionist outlook to the federal judiciary. • He also nominated the first woman to the Supreme Court, Sandra Day O’Connor. Section 2

  45. A B C D Whom did Reagan beat by a landslide in the 1984 election? A.Geraldine Ferraro B.Walter Mondale C.Jimmy Carter D.Anthony Kennedy Section 2

  46. Reagan Oversees a Military Buildup President Reagan began a massive military buildup to weaken the Soviet economy and deter Soviet aggression. Section 2

  47. Reagan Oversees a Military Buildup(cont.) • Reagan rejected both containment and détente when dealing with the Soviet Union. • The military buildup Reagan launched was the largest peacetime buildup in American history. • Reagan believed that if the Soviets tried to match the buildup, it might put so much pressure on their economy that they would be forced to reform their system to avoid collapse. Section 2

  48. Reagan Oversees a Military Buildup(cont.) • Reagan believed that the United States should support guerrilla groups who were fighting to overthrow Communist or pro-Soviet governments. This became known as the Reagan Doctrine. • Reagan supported the following guerrilla groups: • The mujahideen in Afghanistan • The contras in Nicaragua Section 2

  49. Reagan Oversees a Military Buildup(cont.) • Although Congress had prohibited aid to the Nicaraguan contras, individuals in Reagan’s administration continued to illegally support the rebels. • One of the chief figures in the Iran-Contra scandalwas Marine Colonel Oliver North, an aide to the National Security Council (NSC). • As part of the military buildup, Reagan decided to place nuclear missiles in Western Europe to counter Soviet missiles in Eastern Europe. Section 2

  50. Reagan Oversees a Military Buildup(cont.) • Despite his decision to deploy missiles in Europe, Reagan generally disagreed with the military strategy known as nuclear deterrence, sometimes called “mutual assured destruction.” • In March 1983 he proposed the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), nicknamed “Star Wars.” Section 2

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