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Health and Safety Dimension

Health and Safety Dimension. Society and the Engineer. Occupational Health & Safety Dimension. The Role of engineers in Occupational Health & Safety Accident Prevention Modeling – Risk & Safety Management Cost of safety

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Health and Safety Dimension

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  1. Health and Safety Dimension Society and the Engineer

  2. Occupational Health & Safety Dimension • The Role of engineers in Occupational Health & Safety • Accident Prevention Modeling – Risk & Safety Management • Cost of safety • The contributions of OHS Council in enhancing safety culture in Hong Kong

  3. Quiz • How many fatal industrial accident due to the construction of the new phase 8 of PolyU? • http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/news/20121009/00176_040.html • http://hk.news.yahoo.com/%E7%90%86%E5%A4%A7%E5%9C%B0%E7%9B%A4%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%96-%E5%B7%A5%E4%BA%BA%E8%A2%AB%E5%B7%A5%E5%AD%97%E9%90%B5%E5%A4%BE%E6%AD%BB-101600253.html

  4. Health & Safety is important

  5. Statistics • How many occupational injuries in 2013? • http://www.labour.gov.hk/eng/osh/pdf/Bulletin2012.pdf

  6. Don’t want this to happen again!!!!!

  7. Health and safety • Accidents hurt - safety doesn't • Each organization must have proper health & safety measures • Do you know what are the health and safety measures in PolyU? • Who is responsible for your H&S in your department? • https://www2.polyu.edu.hk/hseo/so-dhso.php

  8. H&S in PolyU • General laboratory guidelines • Long hair and loose clothing should be confined when in the laboratory • Sandals or open toe shoes are not acceptable. • Never distract or startle other students and workers. Practical jokes or horseplay(大聲歡笑的玩鬧) in the laboratory cannot be tolerated at any time. www2.polyu.edu.hk/PolyU/hso/pubdoc/lab/ch2.html

  9. Industrial Center safety guidelines • Trainees undertaking workshop training are required to wear the following: • Safety shoes with non-slip soles and steel toe caps to reduce the risk of being hit by falling object or contact with sharp object or exposure to chemical • Long trousers to reduce the risk of contact with sharp object or exposure to chemical or molten metal

  10. Safety culture • Being a student how often do you pay attention to the Health and Safety regulations • Did you follow the regulations?

  11. Safety culture • The safety culture of an organisation is the product of the individual and group values, attitudes, competencies and patterns of behaviour that determine the commitment to, and the style and proficiency of, an organisation’s health and safety programmes.

  12. Health and safety • Being an employee how your H&S issues are being addressed • How your work is protecting the public’s H&S

  13. Example of H&S guidelines • A very common H&S office guidelines for computing • H & S in office

  14. Occupational Health & Safety Dimension In respect of the above dimension, discuss the following topics of interests: • Cost of safety • Legal responsibility • Risk assessment • Safety culture • Safety policy • Safety management system • Safety audit

  15. Definition of Accident Any undesired event that results in harm to people, damage to property, or loss to process

  16. Risk Assessment What is HAZARD?危險 What is RISK?風險 - HAZARD is the POTENTIAL for a substance/ equipment/plant/process to cause ADVERSE EFFECTS - RISK is the LIKELIHOOD of an ADVERSE EFFECT occurring in a particular situation Most hazards are potential, with only a theoretical risk of harm HAZARD ? RISK =

  17. How to assess the risks in your workplace Follow the five steps (use PolyU library as an example • Identify the hazards[1] Falling books from the top shelf falling book shelves Source: http://www.hse.gov.uk/risk/fivesteps.htm Electrical safety audio: http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/talkingleaflets/indg231.mp3

  18. How to assess the risks in your workplace Follow the five steps 2. Decide who might be harmed and how[2] Users of library – students, staff, etc

  19. How to assess the risks in your workplace Follow the five steps 3. Evaluate the risks and decide on precaution[3] The risk is high or low? Causing brain damage Use protect gear

  20. How to assess the risks in your workplace Follow the five steps 4. Record your findings and implement them[4] Distribute helmet at the entry and enforce users to wear it

  21. How to assess the risks in your workplace Follow the five steps 5. Review your assessment and update if necessary[5] Collect data before and after related to falling-book accident

  22. Another risk assessment approach • According to the HK Engineer website • Only a three step assessment • Risk of what • Nature of the risks • Risk to what • Whom will be affected • Risk from what • The source term of all foreseeable hazards

  23. Hierarchy of Risk Control Measures • Once you have identified the hazard then you should do something to reduce the risk • This is called the risk control

  24. Hierarchy of Risk Control Measures A hierarchy of control (5 levels) • Elimination – This involves the complete removal of that hazard - No book in the top shelf • Substitution – This involves the replacement of hazardous substance/process/equipment by less hazardous one of similar nature use ebook to substitute

  25. Hierarchy of Risk Control Measures • Engineering Control – use robot to get books at top shelf or build a cover or safety net • Isolation - restricting access • Segregation 隔離 • Local exhaust – with gas related • Ventilation – nature ventilation, forced ventilation

  26. Local exhaust

  27. Hierarchy of Risk Control Measures • Administrative Control – reduces the exposure to the hazard by administration means such as job rotation, rest breaks, etc. • Safety officer to patrol the library • Personal Protective Equipment – the use of personal protective gears and clothing - helmet

  28. The Role of Engineers in Occupational Health & Safety • To safeguard the public interest in matters of safety and health and otherwise –Conduct of members of HKIE (Article 12) – Ensure safety and health of workers - construction – Design of Scaffolds – Examination of Lifting Appliances, etc. • Ensure safety and health of public – Examination of lifts and escalators – Examination of slopes

  29. The Role of Engineers in Occupational Health & Safety • Identify and evaluate hazardous conditions - Develop hazard control programs - Administer and advise others on hazard control programs - Measure and audit the effectiveness of hazard control programs

  30. Why health and safety is important to a company • Cost • If the product is not safe then it will cost the company a lot of money! • A study shows that in UK, one transport company found that accidents amounted to 37% of its annual profits. • In UK, it has estimated that over 30 million working days are lost due to workplace accidents (10 to 15 billion pounds a year)

  31. Cost of safety • Studies have shown that for every accident resulting in absence from work for more than three days, there may typically be ten times as many minor injury accidents, (requiring first aid only) and several hundred non injury accidents, which could for example, involve substantial property damage.

  32. Cost Avoidance Injury & illness cost Hidden Cost: Loss of expertise Clearing site Material damage Investigation Overtime Loss of business ... Iceberg Theory Source: Jimmy YUEN, Occupational Safety & Health Council, Occupational Safety & Health Talk

  33. Product safety • Chinese milk powder safety issue in 2008 • Sales of KFC (China) fell 29% in April (2013) due to safety concern of bird flu • Volkswagen sales dropped by 9.6% as the manufacturer is in the middle of a recall of some of its cars. • Recycle oil from Taiwan

  34. Example • Toyota Motor Corp. reported a 16 percent drop in U.S. sales in January after a massive recall and temporary sales halt kept prospective buyers from the showroom floors • Toyota sales • Shanghai Husi Food in July 2014

  35. Cost of safety • Reducing the number of accidents at work will not only minimise the human suffering involved and bad publicity which often arises, but can play a surprisingly significant part in the continuing search for means of reducing the costs in industry.

  36. Occupational Safety & Health Dimension The Fundamental Canons準則 1. Engineers shall hold paramount the safety, health and welfare of the public in the performance of their professional duties. 2. Engineers shall perform services only in the areas of their competence. 3. Engineers shall continue their professional development throughout their careers and shall provide opportunities for the professional and ethical development of those engineers under their supervision. 4. Engineers shall act in professional matters for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees, and shall avoid conflicts of interest or the appearance of conflicts of interest.

  37. Occupational Safety & Health Dimension The Fundamental Canons 5. Engineers shall build their professional reputation on the merit of their services and shall not compete unfairly with others. 6. Engineers shall associate only with reputable persons or organizations. 7. Engineers shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner. 8. Engineers shall consider environmental impact in the performance of their professional duties.

  38. Role of Engineers in ConstructionDesign and Management (CDM) • Apply safety considerations in design phase of project (CDM) • Incorporate safety & health considerations at design stage Do you know of the H&S standards? What is UL, CE, CSA?

  39. UL CE marking • The CE marking (an acronym for the French "Conformite Europeenne") certifies that a product has met EU health, safety, and environmental requirements, which ensure consumer safety. • Manufacturers in the European Union (EU) and abroad must meet CE marking requirements where applicable in order to market their products in Europe. 

  40. CE • Sample • Electrical devices such as a coffee machines that must not produce electric shocks when touched

  41. UL & CSA • UL stands for Underwriters Laboratories, an organization that has been around for more than 100 years. • UL sets standards for different product categories and tests products to make sure they meet the standards. In this way, UL is similar to the CE marking organization.

  42. Safety standard http://www.ul.com/global/eng/pages/corporate/aboutul/ulmarks/mark/#asia

  43. Example • If a product is UL listed, you know it has passed ULs stringent tests for electrical safety. • For example, the chassis is grounded to the round pin on the power cord, so that if the hot lead of the power cord accidentally shorts to the chassis, the current will go to the building's safety ground and not through someone touching the amplifier chassis.

  44. More UL examples • PCB spacing • Battery standard

  45. Others • CSA: Canadian Standards Association

  46. More on safety standard • http://www.newapproach.org/Directives/DirectiveList.asp • http://www.chinawhy.net/blog/Article.asp?id=76 • http://www.toy-icti.org/info/toysafetystandards.html

  47. Hazards • Physical hazards • Chemical hazards • Biological hazards • Ergonomic hazards • Fire • Electricity • Mechanical • Slip/fall • … …

  48. Physical Hazards • Lighting (headaches/eyestrain) • Heat (heat stroke/cramp) • Noise (deafness) • Vibration (Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome (Vibration White Finger)) • an industrial injury triggered by continuous use of vibrating hand-held machinery Source: Jimmy YUEN, Occupational Safety & Health Council

  49. Physical Hazards • Radiation (cancer) • Pressure (decompression sickness, ‘the bends’)

  50. Chemical Hazards • Acids/Alkalis (dermatitis皮膚炎/eye injury) • Metal (mercury/lead poisoning) • Non-metal (cyanide) • Gases (CO) • Organic compounds • Dust Source: Jimmy YUEN, Occupational Safety & Health Council

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