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Understanding DNA Replication and Mutation: Key Concepts for Advanced Diploma Students

This chapter covers essential concepts of DNA replication, including the origin of replication, replication forks, and the role of helicases in unwinding the DNA helix. It distinguishes between leading and lagging strands, explaining the significance of DNA polymerase. Further, it explores DNA damage, mutations, and their impact on genotypes and phenotypes. Students will learn about different types of mutations, including silent, missense, nonsense, and frameshift mutations. A symposium encourages exploring genetic disorders and inheritance, underscoring that not all mutations are harmful.

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Understanding DNA Replication and Mutation: Key Concepts for Advanced Diploma Students

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  1. Chemistry and BiochemistryPart 13 For Advanced Diploma students of the WEA Hunter Academy of Complementary Health (c) WEA Hunter Academy of Complementary Health. Created by John Radvan. Reproduction or transmission without the express permission of the author is prohibited.

  2. Chapter 21 Copying DNA, DNA damage and hertable disease

  3. DNA Replication • Point of DNA called origin of replication • The point where replication is occuring is called the replication fork • Replication is bidirectional (can start in the middle and head in two directions), it ends when the entire molecule is duplicated • However, replication only occurs in the 5’  3’ direction for the new strand. This will be important later.

  4. Unwinding the helix • Helicases – special unwinding proteins attach themselves to one DNA strand and cause separation of the double helix • Helicases are made of 6 protein subunits – it looks a bit like a donut – the DNA strand ‘sits’ in the hollow core • Helicases hydrolyse ATP as the DNA strand moves through – this provides the energy for the movement

  5. How does it all work? • Read page 248-249 with the person next to you. Particulary important players are DNA polymerase. • A key point to get out of it, is why replication is different for the leading and lagging strand.

  6. DNA Damage • What is an endonuclease? See p249 • What is a mutation? Are all mutations harmful? p250 • What is the wild type (aka genotype)? • What is a phenotype? • What is the difference between a silent mutation and a mis-sense mutation? • What is the difference between a conservative and non-conservative mutation? • What is a nonsense mutation? • What is a frameshift mutation?

  7. Symposium! • 2 groups: • Mutations and Inheritance • Mutations and Genetic Disorders • I would suggest picking one that you are interested in! • There are some big words, I will get you a Dictionary and please use your glossary to help!

  8. Don’t forget… • Not all mutations are harmful! • See p258

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