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Design and Technology

This comprehensive overview explores the intricate relationship between product design, customer requirements, and manufacturing processes. By detailing various production systems—including continuous processing, assembly lines, job shops, and flexible manufacturing cells—it highlights the importance of selecting appropriate materials and sourcing options. Emphasizing the pivotal role of technology in automating design and production, it discusses how businesses can enhance efficiency while accommodating variability in demand and supply. Ultimately, this guide aims to align product design with operational capabilities for improved customer satisfaction and competitive advantage.

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Design and Technology

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  1. Design and Technology

  2. Customer Customer Requirements Marketing & Sales Product Design Planning Strategy Capacity Schedule Process Design Distribution Whse & transport, by channel Order Entry Production Quality Materials Management Supply Chain Management, Purchasing, Inventory Control Support from Accounting, Finance, Human Resources, Information Systems Scope of Operations

  3. Freedom to Choose • Given a product design and forecast, now need to design the process • Need to select processes and materials • Free to choose from a variety of sourcing options on the spectrum: buy fully assembled to fabricate from raw materials. • Each option has benefits and costs, depending on your business situation. • Consider K-Bob

  4. Process Notes

  5. Process Flow Structures • Continuous Processing • Assembly Line • Intermittent/ Batch • FMS • Job Shop • Project Shop

  6. Attributes of Production Systems • System Inputs (Volume, Variety) • System Outputs (Volume, Variety) • Operator Tasks (Number, type, complexity) • Yield • Rework/ Cycling • Production Volume • Variability (Supply, Demand, Internal)

  7. Continuous, Assembly, and Batch Operations • Characteristics • Inputs and outputs (defined, high vol., low var.) • Operator tasks (defined, few in number, simple) • High yields, low rework, no cycling • High volume, low variety beyond original design • Problems with Demand variability, controlled supply and system variability (quality)

  8. Flexible Manufacturing Cells • Characteristics • Inputs and outputs (defined, medium vol., medium var.) • Operator tasks (defined, few in number, simple) • High yields, low rework, can have cycling • Medium volume, medium variety • Accommodates Demand variability, requires controlled supply and system variability (quality)

  9. Job Shop • Characteristics • Inputs and outputs (defined, medium to low volume, medium to high variety) • Operator tasks (skilled, multiple in number, variable) • Medium yields, medium rework, can have cycling • Medium to low volume, medium to high variety • Accommodates variability

  10. Project Shop • Characteristics • Inputs and outputs (poorly defined, low volume, high variety) • Operator tasks ((highly)skilled, multiple, variable) • possible low yields, possible high rework, cycling often • low volume, high variety • Designed to accommodate variability

  11. Design of the Product and Process

  12. Production Design Process Overview Customer Requirements -> Customer Value Product Planning Design Requirements Product Design Part/item characteristics Design for Manufacturability Process Planning Process Operations Process Control Operations Requirements

  13. Competitive Environment Design Strategy Multi-functional Design Team Customer needs, Competitor’s Capabilities Design for operations guidelines Measures of design effectiveness Effective Product/Process Design

  14. Impact of Technology of Product and Process

  15. Notes on Technology • Impact of Technology • Automating Design (Process) • Automating Production (Process) • Source of new products (Product) • Countries consider technology research a competitive weapon

  16. FMS/ AWMH/ CIM Automated Warehouse Flexible Manufacturing Systems Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) AGV

  17. Automated MFG. Planning and Cntl ASM Detroit Lyon, FR Singapore Sub- ASM Sub- ASM

  18. Technology Notes • Technology Classifications • Product/ Process Technologies • Hardware/ Software • Motivations • Capability/ Features • Cost • Speed of Delivery • Quality • Flexibility Customizability

  19. Production Technologies • NC Machines/ Machining Centers/ FMS • Robots • CAD/ CAM/ CAE/ CA Pro Pln • Automated Materials Handling • Computer Integrated Manufacturing • Automated Manufacturing Planning and Control

  20. Service Technologies • Office Automation • Image Processing Systems • Electronic Data Interchange • Decision Support Systems

  21. Evaluation of Technology Investments • Labor Costs • Material Costs • Inventory Costs • Transportation and Distribution Costs • Quality Costs • Increased Product Variety • Improved Features & Quality • Shorter Cycle Times

  22. Risks • Technical • Operational • Organizational • Environmental • Cost

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