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Digestive System Organs and Functions

Learn about the organs of the digestive system, including the mouth, stomach, liver, pancreas, and small and large intestines, and their functions in digestion and absorption. Label diagram provided.

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Digestive System Organs and Functions

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  1. The Digestive System Section 38-2 Organs and their functions The action of insulin and glucagon

  2. Can you name some parts of the digestive system?

  3. Label the diagram… • Common bile duct • Duodenum • Salivary gland • Tongue • Trachea • Appendix • Gall bladder • Esophagus • Liver • Stomach • Pancreas • Colon • Rectum • Anus • Pancreatic duct

  4. Mouth tongue teeth salivary glands Esophagus Peristalsis Stomach Small Intestine Liver (bile) Pancreas Gall Bladder Large Intestine Rectum Parts

  5. Mechanical Teeth (28-32) incisors (cutting) cuspids bicuspids molars (grind) Tongue (taste) Chemical Salivary Glands (3) starch digestion (amylases) lubricates food allows speech lysozyme (antibacterial) Mouth

  6. Pharynx • Common chamber for the ….. • Digestive system (food into the esophagus) • Respiratory system (air into the trachea) • Epiglottis • (LT side Two - Chapter 11)

  7. Esophagus • Peristalsis • the contraction of smooth muscles: this forces food (a bolus) forward • involuntary muscles • Peristalsis continues further down….

  8. Mechanical churns mixes stores food! Chyme is what results (partially digested food in the stomach) Chemical only protein(pepsin) Gastric Glands(3) pepsinogen acid(HCl, antibacterial) mucus Stomach

  9. Sphincters - valves • Cardiac sphincter • pyloric sphincter

  10. Diagram Back to diagram… valves Gall bladder liver pancreas Does food pass through the liver, gall bladder, pancreas, duodenum? Duodenum

  11. Small Intestine • Role of liver • Role of gall bladder • Role of pancreas • Does food actually pass through these organs? • 3 sections: 1st called duodenum

  12. Liver • Makes Bile • emulsifies fat • not digestion • not an enzyme • it is the breaking of fat into droplets

  13. Gall Bladder • Stores bile

  14. Pancreas • Two roles: hormones and digestive enzymes • Digestive enzymes act on all food groups... • fat • protein • carbohydrate • nucleic acids • Hormones will be discussed later.

  15. Cells in the walls secrete more enzymes villi and microvilli increased surface area with capillaries (sugars, amino acids) with lymph vessels (lacteals) (fatty acids) What is the relationship between the cell and microvilli? Microvilli are on the membrane of the cells of the small intestine. Small Intestine (cont.)

  16. Large Intestine • Reabsorption of water • Bacteria • produce B-vitamins

  17. Rectum • Storage and elimination of solid waste THE END…….

  18. Credits • Mary Wang ‘03 - typist, stomach diagram • Mr. Nelson - editing, content

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