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Thermodynamics of High Temperature Steam Generation in an Open System (Control Volume)

Thermodynamics of High Temperature Steam Generation in an Open System (Control Volume). P M V Subbarao Professor Mechanical Engineering Department. Economy of Creation of High Temperature in a Cycle…. Steam Generation : Closed System Vs Open System. Energy transport by Moving fluid.

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Thermodynamics of High Temperature Steam Generation in an Open System (Control Volume)

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  1. Thermodynamics of High Temperature Steam Generation in an Open System (Control Volume) P M V Subbarao Professor Mechanical Engineering Department Economy of Creation of High Temperature in a Cycle…..

  2. Steam Generation : Closed System Vs Open System

  3. Energy transport by Moving fluid • Amount of energy transport by a moving fluid of mass m is defined as methalpy and denoted by: Q= mθ = m ( h + ½V2 + gz ) • Rate of Energy Transport:

  4. Clues to Generate High Economy and Eco-friendly Steam

  5. Economics of Flow Steam generation

  6. Constant Pressure Steam Generation Process Theory of flowing Steam Generation

  7. Creation of High Temperature @Constant Pressure Steam Generation Process

  8. Economics of Flow Steam generation Supercritical Steam Generation Subcritical Flow Boiling Pump Exit

  9. Selection of Steam Generation Pressure in A Rankine Cycle T C v, m3/kg

  10. Entropy, x=s : A Measure of State of Matter S (gaseous state)> S (liquid state)> S (solid state) So (J/K•mol) H2O(liq) 69.95 H2O(gas) 188.8 For a given substance

  11. Entropy and Order of Molecules of Matter S˚(Br2 liq) < S˚(Br2 gas) S˚(H2O solid) < S˚(H2O liquid)

  12. Entropy, S : Molecular Complexity Increase in molecular complexity generally leads to increase in S.

  13. Standard Molar Entropies

  14. S increases slightly with T S increases a large amount with phase changes Entropy and Temperature

  15. T S Entropy Change during a Reversible Process • From the definition of the entropy, it is known that Q=TdS during a reversible process. • The total heat transfer during this process is given by Qreversible =  TdS • Therefore, it is useful to consider the T-S diagram for a reversible process involving heat transfer • On a T-S diagram, the area under the process curve represents the heat transfer for a reversible process • A reversible adiabatic process

  16. h Dh Ds s Process : h-s Diagram : Mollier Diagram • Enthalpy-entropy diagram, h-s diagram: it is valuable in analyzing steady-flow devices such as turbines, compressors, etc. • Dh: change of enthalpy from energy balance (from the first law of thermodynamics) • Ds: change of entropy from the second law. • A measure of the irreversibilities during an adiabatic process.

  17. Enthalpy Vs Entropy Diagram

  18. Constant Pressure Steam Generation Process Theory of flowing Steam Generation Constant Pressure Steam Generation: A clue to get high temperature with same amount of burnt fuel

  19. Steam Generation : Expenditure vs Wastage Vapour h mfuel Liquid +Vapour Liquid x

  20. h Steam Generation At High Pressure x=s

  21. Analysis of Steam Generation at Various Pressures

  22. Fuel Savings during Steam Generation

  23. Law of Nature Behavior of Vapour at Increasing Pressures Reversible nature of substance at a given temperature All these show that the irreversible behavior of a fluid decreased with increasing pressure.

  24. Reduction of Wastage

  25. Less Fuel for Creation of Same Temperature

  26. The Training for High Altitude Trekking

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