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Breathing and the Respiratory System

Learn about breathing, respiratory anatomy, normal and abnormal signs, and respiratory emergencies. Explore lung anatomy and airway management in an interactive exercise. Understand the importance of proper breathing.

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Breathing and the Respiratory System

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  1. 8 Airway Management and Ventilation

  2. Media Slide 8 Breathing Sounds Animation Slide 17 Lung Anatomy Labeling Exercise

  3. Topics • Breathing • Respiratory System Anatomy • Signs of Normal Breathing • Signs of Abnormal Breathing

  4. BREATHING

  5. Breathing • Respiration: act of breathing; exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place in lungs. • Body uses oxygen to produce energy. • Respiratory compromise: patient not breathing adequately. • Hypoxia: insufficient level of oxygen in blood and tissues.

  6. Click here to view an animation illustrating breathing sounds. BACK TO DIRECTORY

  7. Breathing • Respiratory arrest: absence of breathing. • Causes of respiratory compromise: • Asthma • Bronchitis • Heart attack • Severe allergic reactions • Exposure to toxic substances • Inhalation of super-heated air

  8. Breathing • Respiratory system plays role in normal acid-base balance. • Without proper pH, brain functions cease. • Apnea: absence of breaths.

  9. Breathing • Respiratory arrest: absence of breathing. • Cardiac arrest: absence of heartbeat. • Clinical death: both heartbeat and respirations stop. • Biological death: too many brain cells die (irreversible death).

  10. Breathing • How we breathe: It's Automatic! • Lungs elastic and expandable. • Diaphragm primary breathing muscle. • Simple law: as volume increases, pressure decreases. • Inhalation (breath taken in). • Exhalation (breathing out).

  11. The respiratory cycle.

  12. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM ANATOMY

  13. Respiratory System Anatomy • Major Structures • Nose; mouth • Throat; epiglottis • Trachea • Larynx • Bronchial tree • Lungs • Alveoli • Lung Anatomy

  14. Click here to participate in an interactive labeling exercise on human lung anatomy. BACK TO DIRECTORY

  15. The respiratory system.

  16. Respiratory System Anatomy • Respiratory Cycle • Air flows through mouth and nose, into throat, past epiglottis, into trachea. • Air flows into left/right main stem bronchi, through smaller bronchioles to alveoli. • Oxygen/carbon dioxide exchange takes place. • Oxygen travels through walls of alveoli, into blood, delivers it to cells. • Carbon dioxide travels from blood through alveoli walls, where eliminated when exhaled. (continued)

  17. Respiratory System Anatomy • An Open and Clear Airway • Airway: nose, mouth, throat, trachea. • Patent: open and clear airway. • Causes of obstruction • Patient's own tongue • Foreign object • Swelling of tissues **Differences between the airway of an adult and the airway of a child.

  18. Think About It You respond to the home of a 62-year-old male complaining of shortness of breath. He cannot speak in complete sentences, so you can tell his breathing is not adequate. Considering the respiratory cycle; what is happening inside his body?

  19. SIGNS OF NORMAL BREATHING

  20. Signs of Normal Breathing • Look for adequate tidal volume. • Listen for air entering and leaving nose and mouth. • If unresponsive, feel for air moving into and out of nose and mouth. • Observe skin color. • Observe level of responsiveness. • Normal Breathing

  21. SIGNS OF ABNORMAL BREATHING

  22. Abnormal Breathing Sounds

  23. Signs of Abnormal Breathing • Signs and Symptoms • Increased work of breathing. • Absent or shallow rise and fall of chest. • Little or no air heard or felt at nose or mouth. • Noisy breathing or gasping sounds. • Breathing that is irregular, too rapid, or too slow. • Breathing that is too deep or labored. (continued)

  24. Signs of Abnormal Breathing • Signs and Symptoms (continued) • Use of accessory muscles in chest, abdomen, and around neck. • Nostrils that flare when breathing. • Skin that is pale or cyanotic. • Sitting or leaning forward in tripod position. • Agonal respirations: slow, sporadic gasps of air from unresponsive patient. • Crackles • Wheezing (continued)

  25. Signs of Abnormal Breathing • Stridor: Indication of obstruction of the upper airway. Remember: • Upper Airway includes nose, nasal passages, paranasal sinuses, the pharynx and a portion of the larynx above vocal cords. • Lower Airway includes the portion of the larynx below the vocal cords, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles.

  26. Think About It You respond to find an unresponsive 23-year-old male with a history of narcotic abuse. He is making snoring-like breathing sounds with periods of apnea. What are these respirations called?

  27. SUMMARY

  28. Summary • Respiratory compromise caused by asthma, bronchitis, drowning, choking. • Clinical Death occurs the moment that both breathing and heartbeats stop. • Biological(irreversible) Death occurs approximately four to six minutes following clinical death.

  29. Summary • Patent airway is clear and open. • Air contains approximately 21% oxygen. • Signs of inadequate breathing: • Increased work of breathing. • Shallow, rapid, noisy, or gasping breathing.

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