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N ATURAL G AS A DAPTIVE S CHEDULING

N ATURAL G AS A DAPTIVE S CHEDULING. Peak Energy Solutions, Inc. for APA Group Perth, WA. Peak Energy Solutions, Inc. Phone: (719) 265-6621 Email: stevehoyle@peakenergysolutions.com Support Email: support@PeakEnergySolutions.com. Overview. Introduction to Peak Energy Solutions, Inc.

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N ATURAL G AS A DAPTIVE S CHEDULING

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  1. NATURAL GAS ADAPTIVESCHEDULING Peak Energy Solutions, Inc. for APA Group Perth, WA Peak Energy Solutions, Inc. Phone: (719) 265-6621 Email: stevehoyle@peakenergysolutions.com Support Email: support@PeakEnergySolutions.com

  2. Overview Introduction to Peak Energy Solutions, Inc. What is Natural Gas Adaptive Scheduling (NGAS)? NGAS Implementation for Gas Clients

  3. Highlights Provides fast-running, customized, gas scheduling software Years of experience in natural gas scheduling and process optimization Familiar with NAESB and a wide variety of pipeline business rules

  4. Current NGASCustomers El Paso (and Mojave) since 1994 Northwest Pipelines since 1996 Kern River Gas Transmission since 2000 Texas Gas (Boardwalk Pipelines) since 2004

  5. Steve Hoyle, Ph.D. Stanford University, Mathematical Programming First use of AMPL/CPLEX in natural gas scheduling in 1994 Alan Magner,Bachelor of Business Studies in Economics & Accounting, University of Limerick 20+ years in Lean Six Sigma process improvement Deb Parker, M.S. Stanford University, Operations Research Experience in natural gas scheduling since 1997 Steve Dziuban, Ph.D. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Operations Research and Statistics Experience in natural gas scheduling since 1997 Linda Tully, M.S. University of Colorado, Computer Science Experience in natural gas scheduling since 2004 Principal Associates

  6. Physical View Capacity limits at receipt, throughput, and delivery locations are enforced. Ownership View Gas ownership transitions from upstream supplier, through pipeline (including pools), and to the downstream market. Total gas flow is determined by supply/ demand in accordance with tariffs, laws, regulations, and agreements. Rec Natural Gas Distribution Environments Rec Suppliers Throughput Pool Pool Del Del Markets

  7. What isNGAS? Natural Gas Adaptive Scheduling A scheduling engine that interfaces with your system to provide optimal scheduling solutions Uses state-of-the-art optimization methods Implemented with powerful AMPL/CPLEX linear programming software -- essential for large, complicated pipelines Runs on PC or UNIX platforms Most effective when used to perform all scheduling adjustments (cuts)

  8. Advantages of UsingNGAS Outperforms industry running times: typical run times of 2 to 5 minutes Cost effective -- full-time AMPL/CPLEX developers not needed Higher pipeline throughput via unique “reinstatement” optimization step Displacement handled automatically Most business rules are data-driven (such as Priority of Service for capacity cuts; and number and length of cycles) Gas clients own customized code

  9. Traditional Scheduling “Double cuts” decreasethroughput • Always occur when sequential cuts are made • Result from physical and ownership cuts Ineffective use of displacement gas decreasesthroughput NGAS IncreasesThroughput Automatically uses displacement gas Detects slack in schedule created by earlier cuts Uses this slack to reinstate gas on double-cut noms/contracts without violating any constraints

  10. NGASAvoids “Double Cuts” A (rank 2) C (IT) nom 150 nom 120 RULES Pool - Pool Balance: Flow in equals flow out - Operator: Physical or contractual - Capacity: Physical limitation nom 90 nom 80 B (rank 1) D (firm) SEQUENTIAL APPROACHA B C D 1. Pool Balance: Cut A to 110 110 90 120 80 2. Operator: D is above limit by 10 so cut 100 90 120 70 it to 70 then also cut A by 10 more 3. Capacity: B is over by 20 so cut to 70 and, 100 70 100 70 since D is firm, cut C by 20 ADDITIONAL NGAS STEP 4. By considering all constraints simultaneously, 120 70 120 70 NGAS recognizes ‘slack’ created by double cuts and reinstates 20 to noms A and C Traditional Results 170 Throughput NGAS Results 190 Throughput

  11. APA WA and NGAS working together Does APA in WA have optimized shipping in its network? How would improved transmission throughput benefit APA in WA? As client volumes and infrastructure are changing, is the APA transmission optimized? Can gas shipments be scheduled between disconnected pipelines?

  12. APA Group and NGAS working together Are the requirements for APA on the east coast different from WA? Fast data I/O

  13. Gas Client System and NGAS work together Database/GUI “Piece” NGAS “Piece” Fast data I/O Fast data I/O Fast running algorithms Well suited to accounting Well suited to accounting Optimal, accurate scheduling Friendly customer interface Friendly customer interface Maximize throughput

  14. Implementation Highlights Several initial pool balancing and rebalancing methods available Modularity facilitates maintenance, such as changing the cut order Capacity techniques make verification and explanation of cuts much easier Previously scheduled amounts protected at contract level or at nomination level, or can be cut Implements complex, customized segmentation rules

  15. NGASand Gas ClientSystem Integration Gas Client System • Gathers and stores information (contract data, nominations, etc.) • Provides input data to NGAS using flat files or ODBC NGAS sequentially determines and labels cuts with accurate reason codes • Cuts are passed to database via NGASflat files or ODBC • Reinstatement “cuts” are labeled as such • NGAS provides outputs (by nomination, contract, point, etc.) Gas Client System uploads output files • Updates database tables • Prepares outputs and reports for display to end-users

  16. Notional Implementation Sequence for Gas Client Develop software requirements Describe database interface Build NGAS model Run test sets for verification of results Train Gas Client personnel as needed 24/7 support agreement available

  17. Requirements Considerations Contract or market carriage (combination?) Priority of Service (firm forward haulage vs. Interruptible haulage; pro-rata rules) System Use Gas by contract or nomination Pool structure and balancing rules Tiebreaking Rules (Ranks, Dates, etc.) Force Majeure and Assignment rules Park Services (physical, contractual, seasonal) Physical pipeline model (grid vs. soda straw)

  18. Requirements Considerations Capacity cuts (Physical limits at receipt, delivery, throughput, net, bi-directional; hourly vs. daily) Non-Capacity Cuts (Operator balancing, contract limits, Park/Lend) Imbalances Data Input/Output Reports (cuts, contract amounts, point flows) Run times needed Anticipated development timeline (SRS, data, test, implement, support)

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