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Adapting agriculture in Africa to climate change by

Adapting agriculture in Africa to climate change by. Jens B. Aune Department of International Environment and Development Studies Noragric Norwegian University of Life Sciences. Soil organic matter - a key to adaptation to climate change . Increase soil water holding capacity

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Adapting agriculture in Africa to climate change by

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  1. Adapting agriculture in Africa to climate changeby Jens B. Aune Department of International Environment and Development Studies Noragric Norwegian University of Life Sciences

  2. Soil organic matter - a key to adaptation to climate change • Increase soil water holding capacity • Improves infiltration of water • Reduce soil temperatures • Improves soils ability to store nutrients • Aeration • Provides media for soil micro-organsims

  3. Message from World Congressof Conservation Agriculture (2009) in India: • 2,5 tonn oforganic matter should be recycledeveryyear

  4. Why is it difficult to recycle enough organic materials? • Biomass production is low, often below 1 t/ha • The biomass production is used for other purposes (fodder, builing materials). Low recycling of soil organic matter. • Plouging reduces the soil organic matter

  5. How to increasebiomassproduction? • earlysowing • goodqualityseeds • correctspacing • appropriatevarieties • water harvesting/irrigation • Integrated plant protection • Integrated Plant Nutrition Management • Trees on farm land

  6. Seed priming: • Soakingof seed for 8 hours in water • Facilitatescrop establishment • Yieldincrease 20-30 % • Feasible in pearlmillet, sorghum, cowpea, groundnuts, maizeand sesam

  7. Effect of seed priming and micro-dosing on sorghum yields and economic return Average for 53 farmers in Kordofan State, Sudan (Dryland Coordination Group)

  8. Seed priming and micro-dosing in Mali. Non -primed Primed Primed + micro-fertilsation Photo A. Coulibaly

  9. Effect of crop residues and fertiliser on pearl millet grain yields Average of 9 years experiment, Niamey, ICRISAT Yamoha , Bationo 2002

  10. Effect of crop residues and fertiliser on millet grain and straw yields Average of 9 years experiment, Niamey, ICRISAT Yamoha , Bationo 2002

  11. Effect on fertilisation and crop residue management on pearl millet yield, Niamey, 13 years experiment Source: Bationo and Buerkert 2002

  12. Changes in soil organic carbon in top-soil after 13 years of different soil management

  13. Breaking the vicisous cercle low yield and decling soil organic matter content • Ensure good agronomy • Use micro-dosing of fertiliser and seed priming • Use mulch, particularly in drought prone areas • Minimise ploughing

  14. Permanent soil cover in conservation agriculture

  15. How to retain mulch in dryland is a challenge • Increase biomass • Increase fodder production • Demonstrate Integrated Plant Nutrition Management and conservation agriculture • Development of other types of renewable energy • Improved grazing management • Build local institution for land-use management

  16. Integration of trees into the farmland Source: Chris Reij

  17. ‘Hypothesis of Hope’ Schematic Framework. ICRISAT 2009

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