Apples to Oranges

1. Apples to Oranges Comparative Techniques Utilized by Authors and Poets

2. Today… • Sit with a partner • Determine who is the youngest and who is the oldest

3. Simile • A figure of speech, a kind of trope • Comparing two distinct things using like or as • Singular: simile • Plural: similes • Example: “you fit into me” page 900 • Youngest partner: The effect of this simile is…

4. Metaphor • A figure of speech, a kind of trope • Comparing two distinct things without using like or as • Extended metaphor…one metaphor that controls a large part or entire piece of the text • Example: “chess” page 903 • Oldest partner: Castellanos creates this metaphor to…

5. Personification • A figure of speech, a kind of trope • Noun • Verb: personify (personifies) • Giving human characteristics to nonhuman things • Example: page 906 The Marriage of Heaven and Hell

6. Remember…not just what, but WHY? • With your partner: • Read “How Poetry Comes to Me” page 908 • Answer question 1 in your journals • Independently: • Read the “sample student response” on page 908 • Notice how the author explains the what and why of literary devices

7. Apostrophe • A figure of speech • An address either to an audience who is unresponsive: • Someone who is absent and cannot hear • Something that cannot comprehend • Provides an opportunity to think aloud • Example: “To a Wasp” page 906 • Youngest partner: Moore utilizes an apostrophe to create the effect of…

8. Practice (Independent) • “Mirror” page 912 • Read and analyze • Answer questions #1-4 in your journal

9. Metonymy • A figure of speech, a kind of trope • Using something closely associated with a subject to take its place • “She preferred the silver screen to reading.” • “I pledge allegiance to the flag”

10. Synecdoche • A figure of speech, a kind of trope • Using part of something to signify the whole (less typically the whole representing a part) • “wagging tongue” = gossip • “behind bars” = prison • “wheels” = car

11. Metonymy and Synecdoche • Example: “The Hand that Signed the Paper” page 905 • “hand” = powerful ruler (synecdoche) • “goose’s quill” = power associated with ruler’s hand (metonymy) • Oldest partner: Thomas employs both metonymy and synecdoche to…

12. Analogy • Seen on AP tests, though more common for AP Lang because it’s more commonly related to non-fiction texts • Similarity in some respects between things that are otherwise dissimilar. • A comparison based on such similarity. • A form of logical inference or an instance of it, based on the assumption that if two things are known to be alike in some respects, then they must be alike in other respects.

13. Heads up… • Boundaries among devices are blurred • Categories blend together (personification is a kind of metaphor) • Always about the effect! (analysis not identification) • Pay careful attention to devices as you read and annotate poetry

14. XC Option • Read “Figuring out Metaphors” on page 921 • Complete #1 • Due by Spring Break

15. Practice and Apply Analysis Study Prep Create flashcards for each of these terms Some are done; you can add to them or just check them off your list Some of them are on your list but not flashcards yet; make flashcards and check them off your list Some of them are new; add them to your list, make flashcards, and check them off your list • “After great pain, a formal feeling comes” page 1091 • List the similes • List places where she employs personification • List metaphors • Write a paragraph in which you analyze the speaker’s attitude towards pain, and how Dickinson utilizes literary devices to convey such an attitude • Your paragraph should have textual evidence!