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Computer Fundamentals

Computer Fundamentals. Northern College Diploma Philip Bird. Processor Architecture. Virtually every computer that has been built shares the same common layout. Von Neumann – programs and data both exist in the computers memory.

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Computer Fundamentals

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  1. Computer Fundamentals Northern College Diploma Philip Bird

  2. Processor Architecture • Virtually every computer that has been built shares the same common layout. • Von Neumann – programs and data both exist in the computers memory. • A program written for one type of computer can be written for any computer.

  3. Early History IAS Von Neumann 1952 EDVAC Von Neumann 1952 Manchester Mark1 Williams 1949 (Oct) Z3 Zuse 1941 EDSAC Wilkes 1949 (May) ABC Atanasoff/Berry 1942 Not working LEO Wilkes 1951 A Computer is a…..Binary/Electronic/Stored Program device UNIVAC Mauchlay/Eckert 1951 ENIAC Base 10 Mauchlay/Eckert 1946 BINAC Mauchlay/Eckert 1949 (Sept) Colossus Turing 1942 Harvard Mark1 ASCC Aiken 1943 Binary/Electronic/Memory Mechanical Hard Wired

  4. Central Processing Unit Directs the step by step working based on pulses sent from a clock Control Unit The Arithmetic and Logic Unit perform the calculations using adder circuits. It also contains flags that monitor the result of those calculations. (CNZ) ALU Busses are used to carry the data around the CPU in byte sized chunks. Memory Memory is usually RAM or ROM made up of many individual cells each storing 1 byte. Both data and the programs are stored here. I/O Unit Handles communication with peripherals such as the keyboard.

  5. Program Counter +1 Instruction Register Accumulator Flags Memory Address Register 0 4 8 1 5 9 2 6 10 Memory Data Register 3 7 11 Central Processing Unit

  6. Fetch Execute Cycle Repeat MAR=PC PC=PC+1 MDR=Memory[MAR] IR=MDR Execute IR Until halt PC +1 0 1 IR LOD 5 ACC 17 000 MAR 0 LOD 5 4 8 5 0 1 HLT 5 17 9 2 6 10 MDR 3 7 11 LOD 5 17

  7. Instructions Instructions are made up of 2 parts: Operation code Operand 0100 0101 Machine code ADD 5 Assembly Language Binary values are difficult to work. The assembler converts assembly language instructions into machine code. 0001 1010 0100 1010 0000 0000 LOD 10 ADD 10 HLT Assembler

  8. Instruction Set

  9. Summary • What is the Von Neumann architecture? • What is the Fetch/Execute cycle? • Use SCAry to try the example assembly programs.

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