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Unit 3 Ecosystems

Unit 3 Ecosystems. Topic 3, part 2: Aquatic Biomes. Abiotic Factors. Wind Nutrient availability pH Depth Temperature. Streams and rivers Ponds and lakes Wetlands. Types of Aquatic Biomes. Streams and Rivers.

sebastian-rowland
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Unit 3 Ecosystems

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  1. Unit 3 Ecosystems Topic 3, part 2: Aquatic Biomes

  2. Abiotic Factors • Wind • Nutrient availability • pH • Depth • Temperature

  3. Streams and rivers Ponds and lakes Wetlands Types of Aquatic Biomes

  4. Streams and Rivers • Flowing fresh water that may originate from underground springs or as runoff from rain or melting snow. • Streams are typically narrow and carry relatively small amounts of water • Rivers are usually wider and carry larger amounts of water.

  5. Biotic adaptations for moving water • Rooted vegetation • Encrusting algae • Benthic life styles • Burrowing • Heavy or flat bodies • Webbing/netting

  6. Nile River • Longest river in the world (4,130 miles) • At widest point, 4.7 miles

  7. Amazon River • 2nd longest (3,977 miles), but greatest output • Watershed > 7 million sq mi • River mouth = 50 miles wide • Unique fauna

  8. Mississippi River • 4th longest (2,530 miles), 10th biggest • Watershed includes 32 states (1,245,000 sqmi)

  9. Lakes and Ponds • Standing water with areas too deep to support emergent vegetation. • Size and depth differentiate the two.

  10. Lake and Pond Zonation

  11. Seasonal turnover

  12. The Great Lakes • Together, 21% of unfrozen surface (fresh) waters

  13. Lake Baikal • Oldest lake (25 million yrs) • 20% of unfrozen surface fresh waters

  14. The Rift Lakes • Very diverse • 14% of all freshwater fish species in the world • Started forming 40 million years ago on the divergent boundary • Periods of drought

  15. African Rift Lake Cichlids

  16. Model of Cichlid Fish Diversification

  17. Freshwater Wetlands • Soils submerged or saturated by water for all or at least part of each year, but shallow enough to support emergent vegetation • Vegetation have adaptations that make them water tolerant • Soils are hydric

  18. Freshwater wetlands: Swamps • Wetlands with emergent trees

  19. Freshwater wetlands: Marshes • Contain mostly reeds, sedges, grasses, and rushes for vegetation

  20. Freshwater wetlands: Bogs • Acidic wetlands containing sphagnum moss, wild cranberry (New England), and spruce trees on the edges

  21. Freshwater wetlands: Plants • Adapted to life in water-logged soils • Aerenchyma

  22. Freshwater wetlands: Ecosystem services • Recreation/aesthetics • Absorption of excess water • Methane source • Water supply • Agriculture • Groundwater recharge

  23. Freshwater wetlands: Ecosystem services • Water filtration • Natural waste-water treatment

  24. Freshwater wetlands: Human impacts • Draining/filling to convert to land for other purposes • Urban runoff • Waste disposal • Water diversion • Invasive species (introductions)

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