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Unit Two: Reproduction

Unit Two: Reproduction. Science 9. Cellular Processes. Students will be expected to: Recognize that the nucleus of a cell contains genetic information and determines cellular processes. First Five Minutes.

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Unit Two: Reproduction

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  1. Unit Two: Reproduction Science 9

  2. Cellular Processes • Students will be expected to: • Recognize that the nucleus of a cell contains genetic information and determines cellular processes

  3. First Five Minutes • Look around the classroom and observe, note and report differences and similarities among members of the class • Physical traits such as hair and eye colour, attached/detached ear lobes, tongue rollers/non-rollers “What causes people to be the same and yet different?” “Are there similarities and differences in other species?”

  4. Who started describing cells and a nucleus? • The cell was first described by Robert Hooke in 1665 while he was looking at cork under a microscope • He was really looking at cell walls, not cells • Anton van Leeuwenhoek observed living cells in blood, bacteria and single-celled organisms • Robert Brown was the first to describe a nucleus in plant cells (1820); it was also discovered in animal cells a few years later

  5. What are cells? • Schwann and Schleiden concluded that plants and animals are composed of cells • All living things are composed of one or more cells • The cell is the functional unit of life • Most cells have to be seen with the aid of a microscope

  6. Light Microscopes • Uses light and multiple lens to see small organisms and cells

  7. Light Microscopes

  8. Electron Microscopes • Uses beams of electrons, limited to only looking at a single layer of cells but with much more magnification than light telescopes • Only dead cells can be observed

  9. Transmission Electron Microscope

  10. Scanning Electron Microscopes • Uses reflection by electrons hitting the surface of the cell • Produces a three dimensional image

  11. Scanning Electron Microscope

  12. Images of Cells • What we can see under a microscope as far as the cell goes has helped us to create a model of what a cell looks like with all its parts. This is a plant cell.

  13. Animal Cells

  14. What is common among all cells? • The entire cell is covered with a cell membrane which controls what goes into and out of the cell • The nucleus acts as a control centre, directing the cell’s activities • Genetic information is organized into threadlike structures called chromosomes • Each chromosome contains different genes • Genes are units of genetic information that determines the specific characteristics of an individual

  15. Continued… • The cytoplasm is the area where work is done • Nutrients are absorbed, transported and processed • It contains many different organelles, which is a specialized structure inside the cell

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