Charles Robert Darwin

1. Charles Robert Darwin • Born: February 12, 1809 • Died: April 19, 1882 • Born in the town of Shrewsbury, in Shropshire County, England • Field of Study: English Naturalist

2. Major Accomplishments • Originator of the concept of natural selection -Differential reproduction of genotypes -Believed if all the organisms’ offspring were to survive and reproduce, they would eventually overrun the world. • Established the theory of evolution -Darwin showed evidence that humans, animals, plants occurred naturally despite common belief of a “creator.”

3. Notable Facts PublicationsAwards and Honors “The Voyage of the Beagle” 1853- Royal Medal “On the Origin of Species” 1859- Wollaston Medal “The Descent of Man” 1864- Copley Medal Interesting Facts • Despite a family history of doctors, Darwin chose his own path because he could not stand blood. • Mountain named after him. “Mount Darwin”- highest peak in Tierra del Fuego. • Married his first cousin, Emma Darwin • To fill his curiosity, Darwin ate an owl.

4. Dian Fossey 1932-1985

5. Born in San Francisco, California. Attended San Jose State University Studied in the field of Zoology Went to Rwanda to begin a long-term study of the mountain gorillas. Studied gorillas for 18 years. Against zoos and the poaching of gorillas. In 1967, Fossey founded the Karisoke research center. Her books included: Gorillas in the Mist, His name was Digit, and Living with Mountain Gorillas. Fossey's Digit Fund in the U.S. was renamed the Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund International Get to know Dian

6. Mystery Death -At 53, Dian was brutally murdered by a machete (skull was found split in the back -Farley Mowat biography on Dian: “Women in the Mist”: Mowat explained that it was unlikely that she was killed by poachers because they would have killed her in the privacy of the forest. -Recording to the book, she was killed by those who thought of her as an impediment to the touristic and the financial use of gorillas.

7. Dian Fossey is now buried in a graveyard that she built for her dead gorilla “friends”, many of whom were killed by the poachers she fought against. Her grave lies next to her favorite gorilla Digit, who was killed and beheaded in 1978.

8. Rachel Carson • Born on May 27, 1907 in • Springdale, PA. • and Died on April 14, 1964. • Her field of study was • Ecology. • Interesting Facts- Rachel published • her first story published in a magazine • At 10 years old. Rachel had to take care • Of her nieces when her mother died. She • Died of cancer. By: Ayana Powell & Kassy Ott

9. Rachel Carson Cont. • Major Accomplishments: Her efforts contributed to preserving the land around Hawk Mountain. • Awards & Honors: Presidential Medal of Freedom • Publications: Silent Spring, The Edge of the Sea, The Sea Around Us, Under the Sea Wind. • Scientific Findings: Her book Silent Spring exposed environmental hazards of pesticide DDT. Carson’s book helped spur an increase in environmental awareness.

10. Born in Dole, France in 1822 Died in Marnes-la-Coquette, France in1895 (72 years old) Studied chemistry, microbiology, immunology Asymmetric crystal work Saved many people and animals with vaccines with artificial disease organisms Germ Theory of Disease Defeated theory of spontaneous generation Discovered how fermentation worked Invented pasteurization Worked with antiseptics Found that contagious diseases were caused by germs Louis Pasteur

11. Declared national hero of France by the national government • Awarded the Leeuwenhoek medal in 1895 • Microbiology’s highest honor • Founded the Pasteur Institute for microbiology, diseases and vaccines • He never shook anyone’s hand for fear of contracting germs • Had five children, three of which died of typhoid fever when they were young • Suffered his first stroke at 46 resulting in partial paralysis of his left side. • One of the few streets in Saigon, Vietnam and craters on Mars and the moon were named after him

12. By John Decker and Olivia Fleischer

13. Important Facts January 11th, 1887 – April 21st, 1948. Born in Burlington, Iowa. Studied forestry and ecology, and was an early and very important promoter of wildlife conservation. Called “The Father of Wildlife Management”.

14. Accomplishments and Publications Leopold’s most famous work was “A Sand County Almanac”. Also published scientific journals about conservation. Helped to create the first U.S. wilderness area. Leopold famously said that “A thing is right when it tends to preserve the integrity, stability, and beauty of the biotic community. It is wrong when it tends otherwise.”

15. Honors and Interesting Facts The first weekend in March is Aldo Leopold Weekend in Wisconsin. Aldo Leopold Foundation established in 1982 by his children. Called “The Father of Wildlife Management”. Posthumously awarded the John Burroughs medal for natural history books.

16. by: Brandi Keppel Amber Orellano

17. John Muir was born in Dubar, Scotland • Muir was a mechanic • Major Accomplishments: • Co-founder of the Sierra Club • He helped save the wildlife and nature • He made a sensitive thermometer • He made an alarm clock that tipped is bed and threw him on the floor.

18. He wrote the book The Story of My Boyhood and Youth. • Interesting Facts: • He convinced President Roosevelt to protect Yosemite, Sequoia and Kings Canyon, Grand Canyon and Mt. Rainer as national parks. • He was an inventor, immigrants botanist, glaciologist, writer and a fruit rancher. • He walked a thousand miles from Louisville, Kentucky to Savannah, Georgia. • John Muir Award • The environmental award scheme • It focused on wild places. • Encourages awareness responsibility for the natural environment in a spirit of fun, adventure and exploration.

19. Carl Linnaeus By: Justin Ringland and Ben Hagan

20. Carl Linnaeus 1707-1778 • Born in Rashult, Sweden • Fields of study: Naturalist and Ecologist • Published “Systema Naturae”, a journal that classified plants and animals • Also published Fundamenta Botanical, a book that framed the principles and rules to be followed when classifying plants

21. -Major accomplishments: created a system of naming living beings known as binomial nomenclature, also founded Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences • Scientific Findings: Went on a journey and classified plants and animals, classified 4,400 animals and 7,700 plants • Awards and Honors: Appointed professor of medicine at Uppsala University, known as “the father of taxonomy” • - Other Interesting Facts: Originated Shield and armor and hand mirror symbols for male and female, dubed by King Adolph Fredrik to Knight of Nordstjarneordern

22. Alexander Fleming • Born in Ayrshire, Scotland Aug 6, 1881 • Died March 11, 1955 • Studied medicine, vaccine therapy, and bacteriology • Discovered Penicillin (vaccine) & Lysozyme (enzyme in tears that acts as a self antibiotic) • Was captain in the army medical core during WWI, elected fellow of the Royal Society, and elected professor at St. Mary’s in London.

23. Cont’d • Won the Nobel Prize in Physiology in 1945, Hunterian professor, Arris and Gale lecturer, and honorary gold medal of the Royal College of Surgeons (among other awards) • Other Interesting Info • Born on a Scottish sheep farm • By the end of WWII, penicillin had saved millions of lives due to mass production • One of 8 children (7 brothers and sisters)