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Understanding Databases: Transforming Data into Information for Decision Making

This introduction to databases explains the essential difference between data and information, emphasizing how data is a collection of facts while information is the meaning derived from interpreting that data. It discusses the purpose of database management systems in facilitating data-driven decision-making and explores key concepts like tables, records, fields, and primary keys. The relational database model is detailed, highlighting relationships and the importance of avoiding data duplication. Additionally, it covers input methods, queries, and reporting as vital database functionalities, along with a brief overview of popular database options.

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Understanding Databases: Transforming Data into Information for Decision Making

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Introduction to Databases

  2. Data vs. Information • Data – a collection of facts made up of text, numbers and dates:Murray 35000 7/18/86 • Information - the meaning given to data in the way it is interpreted: Mr. Murray is a sales person whose annual salary is $35,000 and whose hire date is July 18, 1986.

  3. What is the ultimate purpose of a database management system? Is to transform Data Information Knowledge Action Data driven decision making

  4. What is a Database? • A structured collection of related data • A filing cabinet, an address book, a telephone directory, a timetable, etc. • Google and your email • School Student Information System

  5. Name: Barry HarrisCollege: MedicineTel: 392-5555 Basic Database Concepts • Table • A set of related records • Record Name: Barry HarrisCollege: MedicineTel: 392-5555 • A collection of data about an individual item • Field Name: Barry Harris • A single item of data common to all records

  6. An Example of a Table Fields Records

  7. Primary Keys & Foreign Keys To ensure that each record is unique in each table, we can set one field to be a Primary Key field. A Primary Key is a field that that will contain no duplicates and no blank values.

  8. What is a Relational Database Management System (RDMS)? A relational database is a collection of tables from which data can be accessed in many different ways without having to reorganize the database tables. DON’T DUPLICATE DATA • That is, once relationships are created, tables can “talk” to each other. We can link (relate) the tables to find data from many different tables.

  9. Relationships Foreign Keys are keyslinkto data in other tables

  10. Input Data with Forms • A friendlier view of the database • Used for data input, menus, display and printing • Can perform calculations and combine fields

  11. Queries • A means of asking questions (querying) of your data • Can look across a number of Tables and other Queries • Can perform Calculations and Combine fields

  12. Introducing Reports • Output of information in a printed report • Allows you to group and summarize data • Can perform calculations and combine fields • Cannot edit data • Can make labels

  13. Database Options Enterprise RDMS • Oracle • IBM/DB2 • MS SQL-server • Sybase • Informix • Lotus Notes • MySQL (Open Source) • Postgres (Open Source) Consumer • Microsoft Excel • Microsoft Access • FileMaker Pro • MySQL (Open Source) • Postgres (Open Source)

  14. SQL • Structured Query Language (SQL) is used for relational database “programming.” • SQL is the most commonly used programming language in the world

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