The changing face of waste management and emerging markets Andrew Craig

1. The changing face of waste management and emerging markets Andrew Craig

2. 1990 Environmental Protection Act 1991 Planning & Compensation Act (waste local plans) Very cheap landfill – but increasing regulation (beginning of end of dilute & disperse) Making Waste Work (1995) Environment Act establishes Environment Agency (1995/6) Aspirational targets (25% recycling not achieved) Waste estimated, not weighed - changes NFFO incentive for EfW Introduction of landfill tax (1996) Beginning of producer responsibility (1997) PPG10 and Regional Technical Advisory Bodies on waste 1990s

3. Waste Strategy 2000 Statutory recycling targets (“Best Value”) Waste Incineration Directive (end of the old incinerators) Cabinet Office review establishes WRAP (2002) Regionalisation Landfill Directive and LATS WasteDataFlow PFI for waste (2003) Early 2000s

4. Waste Strategy 2007 Landfill tax escalator National Indicators Renewables Obligation Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation Courtauld Agreement & review of packaging targets Love Food Hate Waste Later 2000s

5. New Government, new doctrines “localism” No more local authority targets? Regions abolished (RTABs) End of PFI Fiscal deficit (public sector shakedown) Producer Responsibility (more targets for private sector) AD Revised Waste Framework Directive: Recycling Targets Other waste streams (C&I, C&D) End of Waste “R1” Formula Better information (2010 C&I surveys) Renewable Heat Incentive 2010 Onwards

6. Landfill tax escalator:2011/12 £56/tonne2012/13 £64/tonne2013/14 £72/tonne2014/15 £80/tonne floor

7. Landfill bans EU fines for infraction Possible but unlikely:

8. “Waste management” & recycling will become less of a local authority issue. Local authorities’ focus will be on public health, public equity – and issues of “General Interest” “Resources management” will become more of a private sector issue, at every level. European and world markets. Private sector organizations will look to resources management to meet their own needs, so: Information and intelligence about waste/resources will be important intellectual property (Supply chains); What these drivers will do:

10. DEFRA Review of Municipal Waste Component Analyses, 2008

11. Biowaste

12. Biowaste

13. Biowaste – driversRenewables Obligation;Renewable Heat Incentive.

15. Overview Of Potential Regional Waste to Bioethanol & Waste to Biomethane Value Chain Synthetic Fuels Chemicals Separation Autoclaving (Graphite Resources) Liquid Transport Fuel Collection Logistics e.g. Graphite Resources, Impetus, Veolia, SITA, Biffa BIOETHANOL (Ineos Bio) Waste [(MSW inc food), Industrial, Commercial] Waste wood Gasification BTL H2 (longer term) Ash to Building Products CHP Digestate Regional Farmers Transport Fuel Anaerobic Digestion (Regional Farms) Farm Waste , Manure, other wastes inc food BIOMETHANE Biogas National Grid Gas Engine Gas Grid Anaerobic Digestion (MW Plant Capacity) H H2 (longer term) Regional Farmers Digestate 15

16. NE current activity Activity: separation and autoclaving, NIBF demonstrator facility, AD Plant Location: Gateshead, Durham, Tees Valley Lead organisations: Graphite Resources, Premier Waste, CPI, Northumbrian Water NE proposed activity Activity: fuel production, hydrogen production, anaerobic digestion R+D, fuels/chemicals biorefinery, Bio SNG feasibility study. Location: Tees Valley, Cockle Park Lead organisations: Ineos Bio, Air Products,Sembcorp/SITA, CPI (ADDC), Newcastle University (AD), IBS Project c/o NEPIC and NEB, NEPIC Bio SNG. Organic Residues and Waste Lignocellulosic Crops and Residues Pre-treatment e.g. Graphite Resources, Premier Waste Gasification NWL Anaerobic digestion Syngas Sembcorp/ SITA Wilton 11 Biogas Fuels e.g. Ineos Bio Hydrogen e.g Air Products Chemical Feedstocks e.g. Tees Valley SNG (NEPIC feasibility study) Combustion Combustion Bio Methanol Electricity and Heat Electricity and Heat

18. Plastics

19. Plastics

20. Plastics – drivers:Producer Responsibility (Packaging Waste) Regulations 1997 (as amended)Future cost of carbon.

21. Total Plastic Packaging based on 2,180,764 tonnes Not recycled 1,663,923 tonnes

23. Estimated 2020 Packaging Levels & Recoup 2020 Recycling Estimates

24. Paper & Card

25. Paper & Card: Drivers:Producer Responsibility (packaging),Industry energy costs

26. Metals

27. Metals

28. Metals – drivers:Producer Responsibility (Packaging Waste) Regulations 1997 (as amended);Industry energy costs.

29. Glass

30. Glass

31. Glass – drivers:Producer Responsibility (Packaging Waste) Regulations 1997 (as amended);Industry energy costs.

32. WEEE

33. WEEE

34. WEEE – Drivers:Producer Responsibility (WEEE Directive);Key material/resource security.

36. “Waste management” & recycling will become less of a local authority issue. Local authorities’ focus will be on public health, public equity – and issues of “General Interest” “Resources management” will become more of a private sector issue, at every level. European and world markets. Private sector organizations will look to resources management to meet their own needs, so: Information and intelligence about waste/resources will be important intellectual property (Supply chains); Biowastes and, eventually, plastics will become commodities as fossil resources become more expensive and riskier, technologies improve and Government interventions have unintended consequences; Simple, single solutions (landfill, mass burn EfW) will become a thing of the past. What these drivers will do:

37. Planning Local leadership Joined up closed loops (AD, District Heating) The new role of the local authority in resources management

38. Planning Local leadership Joined up closed loops (AD, District Heating) Partnerships with private sector The new role of the local authority in resources management

39. Planning Local leadership Joined up closed loops (AD, District Heating) Partnerships with private sector Public education The new role of the local authority in resources management

40. Investment The role of the private sector

41. Investment Shortening value chains Managing carbon – more efficient resources management: Meet Statutory targets Reduce carbon/energy costs Partnerships with local authorities The role of the private sector

42. Investment Shortening value chains Managing carbon – more efficient resources management: Meet Statutory targets Reduce carbon/energy costs Partnerships with local authorities Public education The role of the private sector

43. Investment Shortening value chains Managing carbon – more efficient resources management: Meet Statutory targets Reduce carbon/energy costs Partnerships with local authorities Public education The role of the private sector

44. Investment Shortening value chains Managing carbon – more efficient resources management: Meet Statutory targets Reduce carbon/energy costs Partnerships with local authorities Public education The role of the private sector

45. Building Critical Mass in NE England Building Critical Mass in North East England