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Understanding Chemical Structures and Transformations in Organic Chemistry

This lecture focuses on the fundamental concepts of molecular structures and their transformations in organic chemistry. Key topics include Lewis structures, Kekulé diagrams, 3D molecular representations, and molecular graphics. Students will learn to draw acceptable Lewis structures for compounds like C2H6O, propose structures, and evaluate electron placements according to the octet rule. The session will also cover practical methods for transforming organic molecules, the nature of chemical bonds, and how to predict the results of chemical reactions based on theoretical understanding.

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Understanding Chemical Structures and Transformations in Organic Chemistry

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  1. Lecture 1 Describing chemical structures Transforming chemical structures Chemistry 243 - Lecture 1

  2. Communicating Molecular Structures • Lewis • Kekulé • 3-D Kekulé • Molecular Graphics Chemistry 243 - Lecture 1

  3. Lewis Structures • Draw three acceptable Lewis structures for C2H6O. • Propose a structure • Place electrons • Octet rule • Determine charges • Evaluate and repeat if necessary Chemistry 243 - Lecture 1

  4. Kekulé Structures • Each shared electron pair is drawn as a straight line • Lone pairs are often not shown (but are implied) • Hydrogens are often not shown (but are implied) Chemistry 243 - Lecture 1

  5. A “Real” Molecule Chemistry 243 - Lecture 1

  6. Molecular Representations that We Will Be using • Kekulé diagrams • Calculated molecular graphics Chemistry 243 - Lecture 1

  7. Organic Chemistry and Us • Practical • Methods for transforming organic molecules • Making new materials • Theoretical • Understanding how these methods transform organic molecules • All Together Now • Using you knowledge of methods and the underlying theory, predict results of given reactions. Chemistry 243 - Lecture 1

  8. Transforming Molecules Propane B.P. -43 C 2-Bromopropane B.P. 59 C Acetone B.P. 56 C 2-propanol B.P. 82 C Chemistry 243 - Lecture 1

  9. A Chemical Reaction • A reaction involves a change in the bonds in one or more reactants • Energy may be released • Energy may be required • Fun Exercise • Draw the Kekulé structure including all hydrogen atoms and lone pairs for all molecules Chemistry 243 - Lecture 1

  10. What is a Bond? • What is more stable - 2 hydrogen atoms or a hydrogen molecule? • Why? • What holds a hydrogen molecule together? Chemistry 243 - Lecture 1

  11. Hydrogen • 2 H atoms • Electron clouds comprised of the half-filled 1S orbitals • H2 molecule • Electron cloud is comprised of the molecular orbital. • What is a molecular orbital? Chemistry 243 - Lecture 1

  12. Addition and Subtraction Chemistry 243 - Lecture 1

  13. Orbital Combination Chemistry 243 - Lecture 1

  14. Bonding Interactions Chemistry 243 - Lecture 1

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