1. British Take Over India Mr. Divett

2. Collapse of the Mughal empire • The Mughal empire had ruled India for 200 years. • After they started to collapse Britain started to take interest in the region.

3. East India Company and Rebellion • The British East India Company won trading rights in the early 1600s. • By the mid 1800s they controlled three fifths of India.

4. East India Company

5. Exploiting Indian Diversity • The British took advantage of the diversity. • The disunified Indian people couldn’t not unite against the newcomers. • British used superior weapons to overpower local rulers.

6. Implementing British Policies • Profit was primary goal of EIC. • They also: • Improved roads • Preserved peace • Reduced banditry • By the early 1800s British officials introduced: • Western education • Legal procedures

7. Western Education

8. Implementing British Policies • Missionaries tried to convert Indians to Christianity. • The British press social change. They work to: • End slavery • End the caste system • Improve the position of women • Outlaw sati (ritual suicide by fire)

9. Sati

10. Growing Discontent • In the 1850s the EIC made controversial moves: • Required sepoys in its service • Sometimes sepoys had to travel overseas which was against their religion • The British passed a law that allowed Hindu widows to remarry

11. Sepoy

12. New Rifles • In 1857 sepoys were issued new rifles from the British. • Troops had to bite off the end of the cartridge before loading it into their rifle. • The cartridges were greased with: • Cow fat-sacred to Hindus • Pig fat-forbidden to Muslims • Those who refused were imprisoned.

13. New Rifles

15. Rebellion and Aftermath • Sepoys rose up against the British. • This started the Sepoy Rebellion. • They marched to Delhi and called the last Mughal ruler their leader. • Sepoys massacred British. • The British squashed the rebellion and took revenge.

16. Bahadur Shah Zafar

17. Sepoy Rebellion

18. Sepoy Rebellion

19. Sepoy Rebellion

20. Aftermath • In 1858 Parliament ended EIC rule. • India became part of Great Britain. • Britain sent more troops to India at the expense of the Indians.

21. Impact of British Colonial Rule • After 1858 Parliament set up British Raj. • A British viceroy governed India under the queen. • The British held top positions. • Indians held the rest. • India was an important part of the British economy. • The British thought they were helping them modernize.

22. British Raj

23. An Unequal Partnership • The British build roads and railroads. • This was to carry resources, and also goods to sell. • The Suez Canal opened in 1869 and made trade explode. • The British had the advantage: • Cheap textiles ruined the market for things handwoven. • Nomadic herders became farmers. • Clearing farmland led to deforestation.

24. Indian Hand Weaving

25. Population Growth and Famine • British advances in medicine led to population growth. • Food was sold, not eaten. • Horrible famine swept India.

26. Famine

27. Benefits of British Rule • Brought peace. • Revised caste. • Technology. • National unity. • Good schools and training. • Good medicine.

28. British Rule

29. Different Views on Culture • Some educated Indians embraced Westernization. They: • Learned English • Adopted Western ways • Others only wanted their traditional Hindu and Muslim culture.

30. Indian Attitudes • Ram Mohun Roy saw value in cooperation. He: • Knew Sanskrit, Persian, Arabic, English, Greek and Latin. • Founded Hindu College in Calcutta- english style education • Wanted to reform Indian culture. He condemned: • Caste system, child marriage, sati, and purdah or women isolation in different quarters. • Is called founder of Indian nationalism.

31. Ram Mohun Roy

32. Western Attitudes • Some British admired Indian theology, classic works. • Others shrugged off Indian culture. • “A single shelf of a good European library is worth the whole native literature of India and Arabia.” -Thomas Macaulay

33. Thomas Macaulay

34. Indian Nationalism • Some people thought that Western-educated Indians would support British power. • It had the opposite effect, they became nationalists.

35. Indian National Congress • In 1885, nationalist leaders organized the Indian National Congress, the Congress Party. • They believed in peaceful protest to gain rights. • They liked Westernization, but wanted greater democracy and self rule.

36. INC Flag

37. Muslim League • Muslims and Hindus once worked together but then Muslims grew to resent Hindu domination of the Congress Party. • In 1906 the Muslim League was formed. • They wanted a separate Muslim state.

38. Muslim League