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Bellringer

Learn about the Russian Revolution of 1917, its causes, key events, and outcomes. Explore the slogans, leaders, and factors that shaped this historic event.

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Bellringer

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  1. Bellringer • Download today’s notes: Russian Revolution Notes • Answer the following question: • “Peace, Land, Bread!” This was the slogan used by the leaders of the Russian Revolution in 1917. • 1. What do you think this slogan meant? • 2. What does this indicate about Russia at that time?

  2. During the course of WWI, Russia withdrew before the war was over because of a revolution at home. Russia emerged from their revolution as the world’s first communist state.

  3. Background to the Russian Revolution • Russia was militarily and technologically unprepared to fight in WWI • Lacked competent leaders and industry to produce weapons • Massive losses during the war • Czar Nicholas II (The Last Czar of Russia) was a weak and harsh ruler • Cut off from what was going on with the government as he led Russia in the war • Wife, Alexandria, made important government decisions based on the advice of Grigory Rasputin, a mystic “holy man”

  4. Czar Nicholas II and Family

  5. Rasputin

  6. Rasputin with Admirers

  7. Background to the Revolution • The people became more and more upset with the royal family as they suffered war losses • War became very unpopular • Rationing food led to starvation of the Russian people • Assassinated Rasputin in December 1916 • Attempted to be poisoned, then was shot three times, tied up and thrown into the river • Rumored that he untied the knots before he drowned! • Supposedly his body was dug up and burned and he SAT UP while his body was on fire…

  8. March Revolution (1917) • Protests spread throughout the capital (Petrograd) as women revolted over bread rations and workers went on strike • A provisional government was set up and the Czar was forced to step down • Aleksandar Kerensky, the leader of the temporary government, kept the war going to preserve Russian honor • The new government then became unpopular because the people were sick of war! • Meanwhile, the soviets (Russian councils made up of representatives from the workers and soldiers, many radical socialists) were spreading

  9. October (Bolshevik) Revolution (1917) • Bolsheviks (radicals who wanted violent revolution) began to grow under the leadership of V.I. Lenin • Wanted an end to capitalism • “Peace, Land, and Bread”, “Worker Control of Production”, “All Power to the Soviets” • Used the soviets to overthrow the provisional government • Lenin outwardly turned over power to the soviets, but really he became the new head of government, and the party renamed themselves “Communists” • Became the world’s first socialist state and Lenin intended for the revolution to spread

  10. Russia leaves WWI • Lenin had promised the people peace, though it would mean the loss of territory • Signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany to end the war in March of 1918 • The Allies were worried about the Communist takeover of Russia and many people in Russia were opposed to the new government • Civil war took place between Red (Communist) and White (Anti-Communist) forces between 1918 and 1921 • Communists won because of well-disciplined army, no common goals among White forces, war communism, Red secret police and the Red Terror’s fear tactics, and nationalism

  11. Outcome • By 1921, Communists had total command • Communism is a form of socialism where all property is publically owned, everyone works, and production is distributed based on need • Russia became known as the United Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.) • Centralized state ruled by a single party • Hostile to the Allies because the Allies helped the White forces against them

  12. Connect! • 1. What things led to the Russian Revolution? • 2. Who was the leader of the Bolsheviks and the leader of the new Communist-ruled Russia? • 3. Why did Russia withdraw from WWI? • 4. Why did the Red Army win the civil war? • 5. How were the French and Russian Revolutions similar?

  13. Homework! • Quiz MONDAY over Ch. 14, Lesson 3 and propaganda!

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