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Do Now. H ow do you think western migration might impact different groups of people and the environment?. I. Innovation. A. Agricultural Technology. Barbed Wire – not enough wood for fences, so this made it possible to cheaply fence in land and livestock.
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Do Now • How do you think western migration might impact different groups of people and the environment?
A. Agricultural Technology • Barbed Wire – not enough wood for fences, so this made it possible to cheaply fence in land and livestock. • Windmill – use wind power to pump water to the surface, made it possible to irrigate all of the dry land.
B. Transcontinental Railroad • Built by two private companies • Met at Promontory Point, Utah in 1869 • First of many railroads to go west, caused major economic growth • You can transport people and goods much easier
Promontory Point, Utah • Who or what things in this picture? • What is happening in this picture? • Why was this picture made /what does this picture mean?
C. Business Innovation • Electricity – new technology allowed it to be transmitted farther distances. • Factories didn’t have to be by a river anymore to get it. • Homes didn’t have to be in the center of the city to get it. • Skyscrapers – cities ran out of land for new people to build on • Taller buildings could work now because of the invention of elevators and new steel skeletons to support the weight of the building.
C. Business Innovation • Thomas Edison’s lightbulb: could work after sunset now in factories. • Elevators: could have taller buildings when your business grew. • Greater communication: invention of the telephone and typewriter. • Impact: helped businesses and factories make more money.
Guided Practice • Develop a skit that explains how new innovations have solved your old problems. • You need to be sure that: • 1) It is clear where you live (west or urban). • 2) What your old problem was. • 3) How new innovations have solved your problem.
A. Environment Ruined • Not enough resources for both Native Americans and settlers. • Wiped out buffalo population, which Native Americans depended on. • The cattle owned by white settlers overgrazed, destroyed land. • People started fencing in their land to keep cattle out.
B. Farming Problems STILL • Everyone could now produce more, so there were lots of crops available. • Why would this be a problem for farmers? • Cost of farm equipment and railroad rates rose. • Mechanization: created this great, mechanical farm equipment, but couldn’t afford it. • Result: farmers fall into debt.
C. Native American Conflict • Each time settlers found gold on Native American land, they forced Native Americans out. • Sent them to reservations: • Native Americans fought to keep their land. • Some Native American success, but not much. • Defeated U.S. troops at Battle of Little Bighorn – Custer’s Last Stand • Otherwise tribes were defeated and almost made extinct.
C. Native American Conflict • Wounded Knee – Native Americans were practicing a traditional ritual called “Ghost Dance” • American soldiers mistook it for a riot and attacked. • Result: about 150 Native Americans (including women and children) were killed.
D. Assimilation • Assimilation – change your culture to everyone else’s. • Dawes Act: attempted to assimilate Native Americans into U.S. culture • Divided up reservations to give land to individual families, would be U.S. citizens in 25 years. • Removed some Native American children and sent them to white boarding schools. • Outcome: did not work out very well. • Why?
Picture Analysis • Compare the two photographs of the Apache school children. • Explain how these images show one of the impacts of westward expansion on some Native Americans.
Independent Practice If you were a Native American in this time period, how would you respond these two events: • Losing land because of western settlers wanting gold • Dawes Act • Use the AEC to write your argument.
Exit Ticket • 1) Which of the following would be the best way to describe the U.S. government’s approach to dealing with Native Americans on the frontier in the years following the Civil War? • a. Negotiations, in which the aim was to share land peacefully with the tribes that had lived there for generations. • b. Compensation, in which the U.S. government paid tribal leaders whatever amount of money the two sides agreed the land was worth. • c. Barter, in which Native Americans surrendered land in exchange for citizenship rights and the guarantee of being given land for families to own and farm. • d. Conquest, in which the United States used its military to take land previously occupied by Native Americans and relocate tribes to areas designated by the U.S. government.
Exit Ticket • 2) What impact did the rise of the cattle industry have on the environment? • a. Because buffalo and cattle were so similar, the cattle industry had no real impact at all. • b. Overgrazing became a problem, causing erosion; the Great Plains were fenced in. • c. Since the cattle industry used little land, its main impact was to protect the environment. • d. The cattle industry halted the advance of the railroads, thus keeping the environment stable.
Exit Ticket • 3) Technological innovations changed the US in positive and negative ways. Explain 1 way it made a positive impact and one way it made a negative impact.
