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Networking Basics

Networking Basics. A+ Certification: Networking. You should also be familiar with the following network terminology and characteristics: Topology: The geometric arrangement of any network is its topology. The most common topologies are the bus, star, and ring topologies.

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Networking Basics

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  1. Networking Basics

  2. A+ Certification: Networking You should also be familiar with the following network terminology and characteristics:Topology: The geometric arrangement of any network is its topology. The most common topologies are the bus, star, and ring topologies. Protocol: To operate efficiently, any communications-based system must have an established set of rules — its protocol — to govern its operation. Popular protocols for LANs are TCP/IP and IPX/SPX.

  3. Data packets: Data, messages, and tokens that are transmitted on any network must conform to the size and format prescribed under the network's protocol. Data packets also vary between network operating systems (NOSs) on the same protocol. Architecture: A network can be classified as being either a peer-to-peer or a client/server architecture. When all nodes on a network are equal and resources are shared equally, the network is a true peer-to-peer network. When one computer is designated to host programs or files for the rest of the network, it is a server, and the other nodes are clients.

  4. Media: Nodes on a network are connected by twisted-pair copper wire, coaxial cable, fiber-optic cable, or wireless radio wave connections. Server: This is a network computer from which workstations (clients) access and share files, printers, communications, and other services. Servers can be dedicated to a single service, such as file servers, print servers, application servers, Web servers, and so on. Servers can also be the software that performs, controls, or coordinates a service or resource.

  5. Node: This is any addressable network point, including workstations, peripherals, or other network devices. The term node is commonly used interchangeably with workstation. Workstation: This is a personal computer that runs application or utility software and uses data that is stored locally or provided by a network server to which it is connected by a cable or media. Workstations are also known as clients.

  6. The Network's DomainsA domain has several different uses. The three common uses of domains in networking are the following:

  7. Internet DomainsThe highest level of generalized domains defined by DNS is standardized to group domain names by their organization type or geographical location. The generic top-level domains (gTLDs) that are used on the Internet are listed here.    Generic Top-Level Domains (TLDs)

  8. Network DomainsServers and workstations are classified into domains by the role that they play on the network. Network domains, domain controllers, and the names of the resources in a domain are important things to know for the exam.

  9. In the context of a Windows NT Server, Windows 2000 Server, or a Windows Server 2003 network, a domain is a collection of hardware and software resources and the user accounts that have access to them. The resources may include multiple servers, printers, CD-ROM drives, RAIDs, and other devices that are attached to the network.

  10. Several types of servers can exist on a network, each one performing a different task for the network and its workstations. A server is usually thought of as a computer, but a server is actually the software that performs, controls, or coordinates a service or resource. One computer can physically house many different software servers. To network clients, each server can appear to be a completely separate device, when that is not usually the case. The table below lists the most common types of servers that are implemented on a network.     Server Types

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