Setting the Stage for War

1. Setting the Stage for War Ch. 18 Sec 1

2. Do Now! • In your opinion, how do world wars begin? • What would cause the planet to go to war?

3. What were the CAUSES OF W.W. I.? There is no avoiding war; it can only be postponed to the advantage of others. Niccolò Machiavelli (1469–1527), Italian political philosopher, statesman. The Prince, ch. 3 (1514).

4. SYSTEM OFALLIANCES • What is an alliance? What is good about an alliance and what is bad about it?

5. Alliances • Nations formed alliances, or partnerships, for protection. • Alliances were formed to maintain peace but would lead directly to war. • Germany formed a military alliance with Austria-Hungary and Italy called the Triple Alliance. • Fearful of Germany’s growing power, France and Russia formed a secret alliance with each other.

6. What were the two sides? • IT GRADUALLY DIVIDED EUROPE INTO TWO HOSTILE GROUPS OF POWERS. • Triple Alliance/Central Powers • GERMANY, AUSTRIA-HUNGARY and OTTOMAN EMPIRE • Triple Entente/Allied Powers • GREAT BRITAIN, FRANCE AND RUSSIA • Some European leaders believed that these alliances created a balance of power, in which each nation had equal strength, therefore decreasing the chance of war.

7. Alliances on a Map

8. Questions • Analyze the map… Who do you think has the greatest advantage and why?

9. IMPERIALISM-competition for global control • Other nations were also trying to expand, and this quest for colonial empires is known as imperialism. • Imperialism • Competition for control of Africa, Asia and other parts of the world

11. Militarism • Militarism • The glorification of armed strength. • They thought that they could achieve goals through the threat or use of force. • By late 1800’s, most nations built large armies. • Nation had to be quick to mobilize • Prepare its army for war. • First modern battleship was launch in 1906(Dreadnought). • Germany soon built similar ships.

12. NATIONALISM – • What is nationalism? Pride in one’s country • POSITIVE-NATIONALISM HAD BROUGHT ABOUT THE UNIFICATION OF ITALY AND GERMANY. • NEGATIVE- IT LED TO NOURISHED HATRED BETWEEN GERMANY AND FRANCE AND HATRED BETWEEN AUSTRIA-HUNGARY AND RUSSIA.

13. Industrialization • NEW TECHNOLOGY MEANT MORE CARNAGE • INDUSTRIAL GROWTH LED TO INCREASED NEED FOR NATIONS TO COMPETE FOR RESOURCES • INDUSTRIAL GROWTH LED TO INCREASED NEED TO EXPAND

14. Causes of War • In your opinion, rank the causes of war from most important cause to least. • Please be able to explain your ranking. • 1 being the most important • 5 being of least importance.

15. Back to Alliances… • Bismarck had Italy join into an alliance with Germany and Aus/Hun. • This isolated France and gave Germany some security for it borders. • Agreed to remain neutral, if the others went to war.

16. Triple Entente • France was trying to avoid isolation. • Fr. helped Russia out of a financial crisis. • They signed an alliance in 1894. • England soon felt pressured by German naval build-up and looked for an allies. • In 1907, France, England and Russia signed the Triple Entente. • Europe was divided into two camps

17. Balkan “Powder Keg” • Serbia was an independent state. • It hoped to become larger, by controlling the areas of Bosnia and Herzegovina. • Aus/Hun annexed these two provinces. • This angered the Serbs. • Russia also supported the Serbians in its grievance. (Pan-Slavism). • Great Britain was alarmed by Russian influence into this area. • G.B. want to keep Russia out of the Mediterranean. • But, it was more of a rival to the Germans. • Russia and England signed a treaty.

18. The SPARK • June 28, 1914. • The heir the Aus/Hun throne, Francis Ferdinand visited Sarajevo. • People in Sarajevo want to be with Bosnia. • Gavrilo Princip assassinated the Arch duke. • Some Serbian officals were implicated in the plot.

19. More on the Assassination • GavriloPincip joined the Black Hand terrorist organization, which wanted to free Bosnia from Austro-Hungarian rule. • This group plotted to assassinate Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria on his visit to Sarajevo, Bosnia. • On June 28, 1914, Princip accidentally found himself in front of the archduke’s car and fatally shot the archduke and his wife.

20. Assassination • Look at the picture how did he end up accidentally by his target?

21. The Ultimatum • What is an Ultimatum? • Aus/Hun vowed to punish the Serbs. • They were afraid that Russia would become involved. • Aus/Hun made sure that Germany supported them. • An ultimatum was sent to the Serbian government. • If Serbia did not agree to all the terms of the Ultimatum, force might be used. • Serbia agreed to all of the terms except for one.

22. The Ultimatum • Serbian government must suppress all groups that oppose the Austria-Hungarian government • Serbia must dismiss school teachers and books opposed the Austria-Hungarian government • Serbia must dismiss government officials who spoke out against Austria-Hungarian • Austria-Hungarian must be allowed to participate in the trials of the assassins.

23. The Ultimatum • Serbia agreed to all of the terms except for the last one. • Serbia mobilized it troops. • Aus/Hun declared war on Serbia. • Russia sent troops to the Aus/Hun border to support Serbia. • They also sent troops to the German border. • Germany warned Russia not to mobilize troops on its border.

24. War is ON!!!! • Aug 1 1914, Germany declared war on Russia. • Since Russia was allied with France, Germany declared war on France two days later. • Germany moved to defeat France first. • Germany marched into Belgium, • Belgium signed a treaty not to help any belligerents, or warring countries. • It agreed to stay neutral in any war. • Britain demanded Germany honor treaty. • Germany didn’t and Great Britain declared war on Germany.

25. Choosing up sides • Japan entered the war on the side of the Allied Powers (GB, RUS, FR) • Wanted to gain Germany colonies in Asia. • Italy entered on the side of the allies. • They signed a secret treaty with Allies. • The Ottoman Empire joined the Central Powers (Ger, Aus/Hun). • Didn’t like Russian influence in Balkans. • Bulgaria joined the Central Powers.

26. How they Stood

27. Question • What Super Power is missing?

28. Around the World • 3,000 miles away, most Americans cared little about the murder. • Still, most of Europe plunged into war within five weeks. • Long before Princip even fired a shot, political changes in Europe made war almost unavoidable. • By 1914 Europe was ripe for war.

29. “Quote” • “As I write, Germany is reported to have declared war against Russia and France…Nothing like it has occurred since the Napoleonic Wars… All of Europe is to be a battle ground…The future looks dark indeed.” • William Howard Taft (former US President) • Why do you think Taft thought the war would spread all over Europe?

30. True/False Review • In the Century before the start of World War I, some countries contained many nationalities ruled by a single government. • The spirit of militarism encouraged finding a peaceful solution to disputes. • The unification of Germany made Germany a weaker country. • Germany did not take part in the international race for oversea colonies.

31. True/False Review • Obtaining Bosnia and Herzegovina was important to Serbia because it would give Serbia access to the sea. • A Serbian nationalist assassinated the heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary. • Germany sent Serbia an Ultimatum after the the assassination. • Great Britain violated Belgium’s neutrality.

32. True/False Review • Germany declared war on Russia two days after declaring war on France.