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Naming Chemical Compounds

Naming Chemical Compounds. Ionic Compounds. An ionic compound is a compound that is formed when a positive ion and a negative ion coming together and stick together because of their opposite charges. Remember – ions are atoms that carry a charge because they have lost or gained electrons.

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Naming Chemical Compounds

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  1. Naming Chemical Compounds

  2. Ionic Compounds • An ionic compound is a compound that is formed when a positive ion and a negative ion coming together and stick together because of their opposite charges. • Remember – ions are atoms that carry a charge because they have lost or gained electrons. • Metals will lose their electrons (wimps) and form positive ions. • Nonmetals will gain electrons (bullies) and form negative ions. • All stable ions are “noble” – they will have a full outer electron shell.

  3. Naming Ionic Compounds • All compounds have a first and last name just like you – ionic compounds are no different… • The first name is the name of the positive ion – usually the metal. • The second name is the name of the negative ion – usually the nonmetal – only it has been shortened and given an “IDE” ending. • Overall – it kinds looks like this… Metalnonmetide • Example: CaCl2 & K2O Calcium chloride & Potassium oxide

  4. Compounds With Shifty Metals • There are several metals on the periodic table that are “shifty”. They are capable of having more than one ionic charge. Of course, being metals, this charge is positive. • These metals are: • Copper – Cu – I & II • Iron – Fe – II & III • Lead – Pb – II & IV • Tin – Sn – II & IV • When naming a compound, these metals must be identified not only with their name but with their charge. • The formulas of compounds that include these “shifty” metals do not have any Roman numerals in them.

  5. Naming Ionic Compounds With “Shifty” Metals • These too, have a first and last name. • The first name is the name of the metal. This name is followed by a Roman numeral in brackets – just to show what form of the “shifty” metal it is. • The second name is the name of the nonmetal – shortened with the “IDE” ending. • Example: Cu3N & SnO2 Copper (I) nitride & Tin (IV) oxide

  6. A polyatomic ion is a cluster of atoms that travel together as a single unit that carries an overall charge. Many of the polyatomic ions are negatively charged so when they are in an ionic compound they replace the nonmetal. The polyatomic ions you need to know are: Name (formula) charge Hydroxide (OH)1- Nitrate (NO3)1- Chlorate (ClO3)1- Bicarbonate (HCO3)1- Carbonate (CO3)2- Sulfate (SO4)2- Phosphate (PO4)3- Ammonium (NH4)1+ Polyatomic Ions

  7. Naming Polyatomic Compounds • Polyatomic compounds also get two names just like we do. • The first name will be the name of the positive ion – usually a metal – no changes are made to this first name. • The second name will be the name of the polyatomic ion as it is – there are no changes made to the name of polyatomic ions when they are used in a compound. • The second name – if the second part of the compound is just a nonmetal (not a polyatomic) – will be the shortened name of the nonmetal with the “IDE” ending. • Examples: • CaSO4 – Calcium sulfate • K3PO4 – Potassium phosphate • NH4Cl – Ammonium chloride

  8. Molecular Compounds • Molecular compounds are those which are made of two or more nonmetals bonded together because they are sharing electrons. (Two bullies are sharing the toys!) • Molecular compounds are also known as covalent compounds. • Covalent compounds do not form ions so you can’t go “positive ion first & negative ion second”. This means you have to name them differently than the ionic compounds.

  9. Naming Covalent Compounds • The covalent compounds use only nonmetals. They still have two names just like us. • Prefixes are used to show how much of each nonmetal is used to make the compound. • The prefixes used are: Mono – 1 Tetra – 4 Hepta - 7 Di – 2 Penta – 5 Octa - 8 Tri – 3 Hexa – 6 Nona - 9 • The first name is the name of the first nonmetal used. It will have a prefix only if there is more than one of it used. No prefix needed if there is only one of the first nonmetal. • The second name is the name of the second nonmetal used – it will be shortened with an “IDE” ending and will have a preifx (even if there is only one of it). The second nonmetal always gets a prefix. • Examples: N2O & CCl4 Dinitrogen monoxide & Carbon tetrachloride

  10. This May Help…

  11. CaBr2 Na3N FeCl2 CuO Be(OH)2 Ca3(PO4)2 K2S Li2CO3 SnCl4 Fe(ClO3)3 NH4I Pb(NO3)2 Calcium bromide Sodium nitride Iron (II) chloride Copper (II) oxide Beryllium hydroxide Calcium phosphate Potassium sulfide Lithium carbonate Tin (IV) chloride Iron (III) chlorate Ammonium iodide Lead (II) nitrate Try Naming These Examples

  12. THE END!

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