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Computer Hardware and Software

Computer Hardware and Software. Computer Technology Timpview High School. What Is a Computer?. An electronic device that repeats the following cycle: accepts input processes data produces output stores information. How does my computer work?.

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Computer Hardware and Software

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  1. Computer Hardwareand Software Computer Technology Timpview High School

  2. What Is a Computer? An electronic device that repeats the following cycle: • accepts input • processes data • produces output • stores information

  3. How does my computer work? • Signals are sent to the computer’scentral processing unit (CPU) • CPU is also known as the microprocessor • Performs calculations & carries out instructions • Speed is measured in hertz, or cycles. • Megahertz (MHz) – Millions of cycles per second • Gigahertz (GHz) – Billions of cycles per second

  4. Bit, Bytes, andBinary Numbers • Computers process only two numbers: 0 and 1 • A string of 1s and 0s is called a binary number • Language is known as binary code • Each 1 or 0 is known as a bit • Byte is eight bits (basic building block of info) • Kilobyte, megabyte, gigabyte, terabyte (thousand) (million) (billion) (trillion) The word “cool” in binary numbers 01000011 01001111 01001111 01001100 C O O L

  5. Hardware Basics • Hardware is the collection of physical devices that make up your computer system • Also known as components • Hardware components may be internal or peripheral • Internal components are housed inside the system unit, also called the computer case. • Peripheral devices are connected on the outside of the system unit, or case.

  6. Input and Output Devices • Input and output devices are components that you use to communicate with your computer. • Input – when a user enters info into a computer • Output – when a computer delivers info back to a user

  7. Types of Input Devices

  8. Types of Output Devices • Monitor • Printer • Speakers

  9. Memory and Storage Basics • Computer stores data in three main places: • Random Access Memory (RAM) • Read-Only Memory (ROM) • Storage Device

  10. When do I use RAM or ROM? • Read-Only Memory (ROM) • Permanent information • Holds the computer’s built-in, boot-up instructions • Cannot be erased or changed • Random Access Memory (RAM) • Temporary information • Erased when you turn off the computer • Is the computer’s main working memory

  11. How is information stored? • When you save a file, you move the information from RAM to a storage device. Storage Device What It Does Size Major storage device inside your 40 GB to 1 tera byte (TB) Hard computer; also known as the hard Drive disk;magnetic storage; C: drive Portable devices that plug directly 256 MB to 4 GB or more Flash into a computers USB port; is Drives Referred to as solid state storage store large - • Portable,optical storage devices CD = 700 800 MB CDs and That use a laser to read and write Information. Is the D: drive DVD = 4.7 GB to 17 GB DVDs Portable device that store smaller Floppy disk = 1.44 MB Floppy files such as text documents ZIP disk = 100 MB to Disk magnetic storage; A: drive 750 MB

  12. Software Basics • Software – set of instructions that makes it possible for your computer to perform tasks • Two main categories: • Operating System Software • Application Software

  13. Operating System Software • Required for the computer to work • Controls all the other software programs and allows your hardware devices to work properly • May be referred to as the platform • Examples: • Windows • Mac OS • DOS

  14. Operating System Software (cont.) • Windows and Mac OS use a graphical user interface (GUI) • GUI uses icons and menus to help the user perform tasks • Operating System allows the user to multitask • Multitasking is having more than one program open at the same time.

  15. Application Software • Programs that perform specific tasks for users • Many different types

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