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Computer Hardware and Software

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ghalib
26 diapositives · 935 Views · Feb 23, 2014

Computer Hardware and Software. Yong Choi School of Business CSU, Bakersfield. Computer Hardware. Comprehensive term for all the physical parts of a computer T angible : thing s that you can actually touch and feel disks, monitors , keyboards, printers, boards, speaker, and chips.

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Computer Hardware and Software
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  1. Computer Hardware and Software Yong Choi School of Business CSU, Bakersfield

  2. Computer Hardware • Comprehensive term for all the physical parts of a computer • Tangible: things that you can actually touch and feel • disks, monitors, keyboards, printers, boards, speaker, and chips. • Falling price of HW • Technical driving force of the Information Age

  3. Computing Power • Faster • Cheaper (PC: less than $500) • Smaller • Shorter computer product life cycle

  4. Storage • Price of 1 MB hard drive space • 1983 - $300 • ** First PC in 1981 • ** Early IBM PCs have 20 - 30 MB • 1989 - $ 2, 1997 - $ .07, and today – minimal • Megabyte (MB) – about 1 million bytes • Gigabyte (GB) – about 1 billion bytes • Terabyte (TB) – about 1 trillion bytes

  5. Transmission • I hr satellite teleconferencing • 1985 - $100 • 1998 - less than $10 • Today - minimal • Internet dial-up service • 1997: AVG. $40 • DSL: less than $15

  6. Hardware Trend • More Multimedia Oriented…. • graphics, picture, sound, voice, video clip • DMB • Smaller, Smarter…. • Tablet PC (i.e., ipad), Smart phone • More powerful • Massive parallel (process many tasks simultaneously) • many networked CPUs vs. many tasks

  7. Computer Software • Intangible: untouchable • Written in various computer program languages • C++, Java, VB.NET.... • Set of instructions that hardware executes to carry out a specific task for you • Changing of SW price • More important than HW • Y2K

  8. Two Major Categories of Software • Application software – enables you to solve specific problems or perform specific tasks APPA-8

  9. Two Major Categories of Software • System software – handles tasks specific to technology management and coordinates the interaction of all technology devices • Two main types of system software • Operating system software • Utility software APPA-9

  10. Types of System Software • Operating system software – controls application software and manages hardware devices • Utility software – provides additional functionality to your operating system • Anti-virus • Screen saver • Etc. APPA-10

  11. GUI vs. Command Driven • DOS vs. Windows (i.e., XP, Vista..) • User training • Productivity • Technical Compatibility

  12. Demo of Command Driven • Start  programs  accessories  command prompt • Try to delete “sylacct360.ppt” PowerPoint file from “desktop” (download and save the PPT file first) • dir • cd my documents or desktop (not case sensitive but space) • dir (to see available files) • del sylacct360.ppt (don’t forget the file extension) • dir

  13. SW Considerations • Compatibility with current software • Outsourcing • Off-the-shelf software

  14. More about computer • picotux - the smallest Linux Computer in the World

  15. Six Categories of Hardware Video card (connecting) Keyboard (input) CDs (storage) CPU Cable modem (telecommunications) Monitor (output) APPA-15

  16. COMPUTER CATEGORIES (BY SIZE) PDA Notebook Tablet PC Desktop APPA-16

  17. CPU and RAM APPA-17

  18. CPU and RAM • CPU and RAM work together to form the brain of your computer • CPU speed measured in gigahertz (GHz) • GHz – number of billions of CPU cycles per second • CPU (machine) cycle – retrieve, decode, and execute instruction, then return result to RAM if necessary APPA-18

  19. CPU Components • Control unit – directs what happens in the CPU and the rest of your computer • Arithmetic logic unit (ALU) – performs arithmetic, comparison, and logic operations • CPU cache – CPU memory where instructions wait until they’re needed • CPU clock – beats to keep instructions and information moving in synchronized fashion APPA-19

  20. System Bus • System bus – electrical pathways that move information between motherboard components, especially between CPU and RAM APPA-20

  21. CPU and Ram at Work APPA-21

  22. CPU (Machine Cycle) • Retrieve: The control unit sends to RAM for the instructions and information it needs • Decode: CPU gets the instruction out of cache and examines it to see what to do • Execute: Does what the instruction says to do • Store: Sends the result of processing to be stored in RAM if necessary APPA-22

  23. Notebook CPUs and RAM • Mobile CPU – type of CPU that changes speed, and therefore power consumption, in response to fluctuation in use • RAM for notebooks comes in smaller modules than RAM for desktops APPA-23

  24. COMPUTER CATEGORIES (BY SIZE) Minicomputers Mainframe Supercomputer APPA-24

  25. Common Types of Flash Memory APPA-25

  26. CPU and RAM APPA-26