A Brief History of Early Time

1. A Brief History of Early Time On being Roger’s 1st Graduate Student at Caltech during the Roaring ‘70s…

5. the Article (1066) (Citation History) • Title: Electromagnetic extraction of energy from Kerr black holes • Authors: Blandford, R. D.; Znajek, R. L. • Publication Date: 05/1977

6. Glacier National Park, Montana, August 1978

7. VLA, New Mexico, March 1980

11. Disks, Outflows, and theM word

12. Disks, Outflows, and theM word Date: Thu, 3 Sep 2009 15:34:34 -0700 Hi Arieh, I don't understand what it means but it sounds great!

13. The Mystery of the M Word…

14. The Mystery of the M Word… What is the M word?

15. The Mystery of the M Word… What is the M word? Mysterious

16. The Mystery of the M Word… What is the M word? Mysterious Magnificent

17. The Mystery of the M Word… What is the M word? Mysterious Magnificent Maverick

18. The Mystery of the M Word… What is the M word? Mysterious Magnificent Maverick Mad

19. The Mystery of the M Word… What is the M word? Mysterious Magnificent Maverick Mad Magnetic

20. Magnetic Fields

21. Les Champs Magnétiques (1920) was the founding text of the surrealist corpus. Its authors proposed to explore an uninterrupted form of language, sensing that thought unobstructed by reason in stream-of- consciousness ends up revealing what really wants to be expressed through a kind of magneticrelationship among the different creative connections of the imagination.

22. ElectromagneticEnergy Extraction from an Accretion Disk • Pulsar analogy (“unipolar inductor”) • A model for extragalactic and galactic jets (Sco X-1) • Also efficient extraction of disk angular momentum

23. Electromagnetic Energy Extraction from a RotatingBlack Hole Blandford & Znajek 1977 Komissarov 2005 • Magnetic field threading the black hole’s ergosphere is supported by the accretion disk

24. Hydromagnetic Energy Extraction from an Accretion Disk

25. “Bead on a rotating wire” mechanical analogy (Henriksen & Rayburn 1971) • “Radial self-similarity” formulation (Bardeen & Berger 1978)

26. Retrieved 200 abstracts, starting with number 1. Total number selected: 564. Total normalized citations: 8998 1 1982MNRAS.199..883 671.000 06/1982 Blandford, R. D.; Payne, D. G. Hydromagnetic flows from accretion discs and the production of radio jets On the way to the top there were moments of self-doubt….

27. Any lingering doubts are dispelled by numerical simulations… (?) Krasnopolsky, Li Anderson, Li, Krasnopolsky & Blandford (1999) & Blandford (2006)

28. Authors: Blandford, R. D.; Payne, D. G.Citations to the Article: 1342 Protostellar Outflows Safier, Pedro N. 1993ApJ...408..115 Centrifugally driven winds from protostellar disks. I - Wind model and thermal structure 1993ApJ...408..148 II. Forbidden-Line Emission in T Tauri Stars Martin, Steven C. 1996ApJ...473.1051 Thermal Radio Emission from Disk-driven Centrifugal Winds

29. AGN Outflows Konigl, Arieh; Kartje, John F. 1994ApJ...434..446 Disk-driven hydromagnetic winds as a key ingredient of active galactic nuclei unification schemes Kartje, John F. 1995ApJ...452..565 Models of the Optical/Ultraviolet Continuum Polarization in Active Galactic Nuclei: Implications for Unification Schemes Kartje, John F.; Königl, Arieh; Elitzur, Moshe 1999ApJ...513..180 Megamaser Disks in Active Galactic Nuclei Everett, John E. 2005ApJ...631..689 Radiative Transfer and Acceleration in Magnetocentrifugal Winds

30. Wind-Driving Disk Models Wardle, Mark; Koenigl, Arieh 1993ApJ...410..218 The structure of protostellar accretion disks and the origin of bipolar flows Krasnopolsky, Ruben; Königl, Arieh 2002ApJ...580..987 Self-similar Collapse of Rotating Magnetic Molecular Cloud Cores Salmeron, Raquel; Königl, Arieh; Wardle, Mark 2007MNRAS.375..177 Angular momentum transport in protostellar discs Königl, A.; Salmeron, R.; Wardle, M. 2009arXiv0909.2396 Wind-driving protostellar accretion discs. I. Formulation and parameter constraints

31. Relativistic Jets Vlahakis, Nektarios; Königl, Arieh 2003ApJ...596.1080 Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamics with Application to Gamma-Ray Burst Outflows. I. Theory and Semianalytic Trans-Alfvénic Solutions 2003ApJ...596.1104 II. Semianalytic Super-Alfvénic Solutions 2004ApJ...605..656 Magnetic Driving of Relativistic Outflows in Active Galactic Nuclei. I. Interpretation of Parsec-Scale Accelerations Vlahakis, Nektarios; Peng, Fang; Königl, Arieh 2003ApJ...594L..23 Neutron-rich Hydromagnetic Outflows in Gamma-Ray Burst Sources Komissarov, Serguei S.; Barkov, Maxim V.; Vlahakis, Nektarios; Königl, Arieh 2007MNRAS.380…51 Magnetic acceleration of relativistic active galactic nucleus jets Komissarov, Serguei S.; Vlahakis, Nektarios; Königl, Arieh; Barkov, Maxim V. 2009MNRAS.394.1182 Magnetic acceleration of ultrarelativistic jets in gamma-ray burst sources

32. Astrophysical Applications: Protostellar Jets and AGN Unification Safier (1993) Königl & Kartje (1994) • Wind density is highly stratified in the vertical direction • Wind typically uplifts grains from dusty disk regions

33. The Accretion-Outflow Connection:Protostellar Wind/Disk Models • Steady-state models incorporate magnetic diffusivity in the disk (Königl 1989; Wardle & Königl 1993; Li 1996; Ferreira 1997;…)

34. Wardle & Königl (1993) • Double-branch nature of equilibrium curves has implications to stability (Königl 2004)

36. Generelization to Other Magnetic Diffusivity Domains • In a magnetized, weakly ionized gas the conductivity is a tensor incorporating the ambipolar, Hall, and Ohm diffusivities

37. Königl, Salmeron & Wardle (2009)

38. Resistive-MHD Numerical Simulations Casse & Keppens (2002) • Confirm basic properties and indicate stability

39. In Conclusion: Thank you, Roger, and ManyHappyReturns!