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Introduction to Plants: Classification, Structure, and Photosynthesis

This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of plants, defining their key characteristics as autotrophic, multicellular organisms with specialized cell structures that enable them to thrive on land. It discusses the essential adaptations plants possess for obtaining nutrients, retaining water, transporting materials, providing support, and reproducing. The classification of plants into nonvascular and vascular categories is covered, along with their complex life cycles, photosynthesis processes, and specific groups such as mosses, liverworts, hornworts, ferns, and club mosses.

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Introduction to Plants: Classification, Structure, and Photosynthesis

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  1. Chapter 4: INTRODUCTION TO PLANTS

  2. What is a Plant? • Autotrophs • Multicellular • Cell Structure Adaptations for Living on Land 1) Obtaining ____________ & other nutrients 2) Retaining _________ • CUTICLE: waterproof coating on leaves 3) Transporting Materials • _______________ tissue: system of tubes 4) Support • Cell walls: are __________ enough to support the plant 5) Reproduction Section 1: THE PLANT KINGDOM

  3. CLASSIFICATION OF PLANTS • Nonvascular – low-growing and simple • Vascular – have vascular tissue! • Where do plants come from? • Green __________ • Green pigment called ________________ COMPLEX LIFE CYCLES • Sporophyte Stage  spores • Gametophyte Stage  fertilization (zygote)

  4. Light • Light is made up of these colors: • Red • Orange • Yellow • Green • Blue • Indigo • Violet Photosynthesis • Plants need energy from light to make their food • Chemical Reaction: CO2 + H2O  C6H12O6 + O2 Section 2: Photosynthesis and Light the visible spectrum

  5. Mosses • Thin rootlike structures called ___________ • Used for a special fuel called ________ Liverworts and Hornworts • Liverworts • More than ____________ species • Found growing on moist rocks or near a __________ • Hornworts • Fewer than _______ species • Usually live in moist __________, mixed with grass plants Section 3: Mosses, Liverworts, and Hornworts

  6. Seedless Vascular plants • Ferns, club mosses, and __________________ • Characteristics: 1) True ______________ tissue 2) Use spores (not _________) for reproduction - only works is a ____________ environment Section 4: Ferns, Club Mosses, and Horsetails

  7. Structure of Ferns

  8. Test Format • M.C. and T/F • Short Answers • 1) A Plant Cell (pg. 105) • 2) Structure of a Moss (pg. 123) Chapter 4 Review

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